Episodes

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Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

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Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

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Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

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Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

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Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

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Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

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Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

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[LISTEN NOW]

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

A Boy Meets Girl Meets Stats Story2023112520231126 (WS)
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Veronica Carlin is a data scientist who loves romantic comedies.

But she had a hunch about those movies, that there aren't many women like her, women in STEM - science, technology, engineering and maths – taking the lead roles.

So she set out on a maths quest to find out what's what.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Engineer: Graham Puddifoot

(Picture: A young couple with a heart-shaped balloon on the street

Credit: Cultura RM Exclusive/Spark Photographic / Getty)

A data scientist takes on rom com films to see how women in STEM are represented

A data scientist takes on rom com films to see how women in STEM are represented.

A Pocket-size History Of The Calculator2024020320240204 (WS)
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How was the calculator invented? How did it go from something the size of a table to something that could be carried in your pocket, the must-have gadget of the 1970's and 80's?

Tim Harford unpicks the history of the calculator with Keith Houston, author of Empire of the Sum: The Rise and Reign of the Pocket Calculator.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Production Co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: Hal Haines

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Technology evolution: old metal mechanical calculator 1930s, vintage plastic calculator 1970s, modern digital smartphone calculator 2000s. Credit: Getty Images)

Tim Harford explores the history of calculators from clockwork to the Kashio brothers

Tim Harford explores the history of calculators, from clockwork to the Kashio brothers, with author Keith Houston

Are 672 Billion Pounds Of Corn Eaten In The Us Every Year?2024100520241006 (WS)

National Geographic magazine recently wrote that “people in the United States eat more than 672 billion pounds of corn per year, which breaks down to more than 2,000 pounds per person annually”.

Is this really true?

Tim Harford investigates all the things that we don't eat, that are counted in this number.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Bethan Ashmead Latham

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Giles Aspen

Editor: Richard Vadon

A lot of corn is eaten in the United States, but is it really 2.5kg per person per day?

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Are Companies Making More Money From Their Customers?2024081720240818 (WS)Recent reports claimed the average global mark-up, the difference between the price of production and the price that product is sold for, rose from 7% in 1980 to 59% by 2020.

So is this true? Are some companies choosing to charge us more than ever for their products?

We investigate the accuracy of these claims, and which companies are responsible with the help of Jan Eeckhout a Professor of Economics at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Producer: Beth Ashmead Latham

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate claims mark-ups are larger than ever

We investigate claims companies' markups are eight times bigger than they were forty years ago

Are Falling Marriage Rates Causing Happiness To Fall In The Us?2024051820240519 (WS)It's long been known that marriage is associated with happiness in survey data. But are falling marriage rates in the US dragging down the mood of the whole nation?

We investigate the statistical relationships with Professor Sam Peltzman from the University of Chicago, and Professor John Helliwell, from the University of British Columbia.

Presenter: Tom Colls

Reporter: Natasha Fernandes

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Vadon

Investigating the relationship between matrimony and melancholy.

Are There More Possible Games Of Chess Than Atoms In The Universe?2024012020240121 (WS)
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We investigate how the vast possibilities in a game of chess compare to the vastness of the observable universe.

Dr James Grime helps us understand the Shannon number – a famous figure on the chess side of the equation - and astronomer Professor Catherine Heymans takes on the entire observable universe.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producers: Debbie Richford and Nathan Gower

Production Co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: Andy Fell

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate how the vast possibilities in chess compare to the vastness of the universe

Are Women 14 Times More Likely To Die In Natural Disasters?2024072720240728 (WS)The idea that women outnumber men by 14 to 1 as casualties of natural disasters has been repeated in newspapers and online for years - the UN have even used this statistic.

But when you track down the source, the research behind this claim leaves much to be desired.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Fenton-Smith

We unpick the idea that women outnumber men by 14 to 1 as casualties of natural disasters

We unpick the idea that women outnumber men by 14 to 1 as the casualties of natural disasters like floods and earthquakes.

Are Women In The Uk The Biggest Binge Drinkers In The World?2023111820231119 (WS)
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We check out suspect stats on boozing Brits and fishy figures on fishing fleets in the South China Sea.

With the help of Professor John Holmes from the University of Sheffield's School of Medicine and Population Health and Simon Funge-Smith, a senior fishery officer at the FAO.

Presenter and producer: Charlotte McDonald

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Engineer: Graham Puddifoot

Checking out stats on boozing Brits and fishing fleets in the South China Sea.

Can Chocolate Be Better Than Salad?2023122320231224 (WS)
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We investigate a nutritional conundrum –can chocolate ever be better for you than salad?

Today we dive in to one of our listener's family debates and try to find an answer, with the help of nutrition experts Dr David Katz and Professor Bernadette Moore.

Reporter: Paul Connolly

Researcher: Perisha Kudhail

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Engineer: James Beard

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Picture: A pyramid made of chocolate and salad

Credit: Gandee Vasan / Getty Images)

We investigate a nutritional conundrum - can chocolate ever be better for you than salad?

We investigate a nutritional conundrum – can chocolate ever be better for you than salad?

Can Elon Musk Save The Us Government $2 Trillion?2024113020241201 (WS)
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President Elect Donald Trump has created a new government advisory group – the Department of Government Efficiency or ‘DOGE' - to help cut the US budget.

The world richest man, Elon Musk, will co-head the department and has pledged to cut ‘at least $2 trillion' to ‘balance the budget'. But is this possible? We talk to Professor Linda Bilmes about what DOGE could or couldn't do and how she balanced the budget in the 1990's.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producer: Lizzy McNeill

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Mix: Andrew Mills

Editor: Richard Vadon

Image: Elon Musk on stage before Republican presidential nominee former President Donald Trump speaks at a rally at Madison Square Garden in New York, NY on Sunday, October 27, 2024. (Photo by Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post via Getty Images)

We look at whether DOGE can successfully balance the US budget.

We look at whether DOGE - the Department of Government Efficiency - can successfully balance the US budget.

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Can Maths Prove The Existence Of Aliens?2023111120231112 (WS)
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Are we alone in the universe – and if not, how many other civilisations might there be? Remarkable images and data sent back to Earth by the James Webb telescope have given a new impetus to a well-worn debate. We ask how far mathematics – and in particular a famous equation called the Drake Equation – can be used to answer one of the most fundamental questions we face. Paul Connolly investigates with the help of Catherine Heymans, Astronomer Royal for Scotland and Professor at the University of Edinburgh and Bill Diamond, President and CEO of the SETI Institute in California.

Presenter: Paul Connolly

Producers: Paul Connolly and Jon Bithrey

Editor: Richard Vadon

Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Engineer: David Crackles

(Image: : A cluster of young stars, surrounded by clouds of interstellar gas and dust, in a nebula, located in the constellation Carina. Credit: Reuters)

We look a famous equation which tries to explain whether life exists in outer space

We look at a famous equation which tries to explain whether life exists elsewhere in the universe

Can redheads handle 25% more pain than brunettes?20250118

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What has the colour of your hair got to do with your capacity to withstand pain?

We investigate the claim, which regularly circulates on social media, that natural redheads are 25% tougher than their brunette peers.

Pain expert Jeff Mogil explains how it all comes down to something called MC1R.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald
Producer: Lizzy McNeill
Series Producer: Tom Colls
Editor: Richard Vadon
Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison
Sound Mix: Bob Nettles

We investigate if people with red hair have a hidden pain-blocking superpower

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

We investigate the claim that people with red hair have a hidden pain-blocking superpower

Can Redheads Handle 25% More Pain Than Brunettes?2025011820250119 (WS)
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What has the colour of your hair got to do with your capacity to withstand pain?

We investigate the claim, which regularly circulates on social media, that natural redheads are 25% tougher than their brunette peers.

Pain expert Jeff Mogil explains how it all comes down to something called MC1R.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producer: Lizzy McNeill

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Editor: Richard Vadon

Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Mix: Bob Nettles

We investigate if people with red hair have a hidden pain-blocking superpower

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

We investigate the claim that people with red hair have a hidden pain-blocking superpower

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

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China's Missing Numbers2023121620231217 (WS)
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How many young people are unemployed? How much debt does the government owe? How many people have died from Covid?

These are questions that many governments will keep regularly updated. But in China they have disappeared.

We investigate the reasons behind China's missing numbers.

Reporter: Celia Hatton

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Engineer: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Picture: Chinese flag behind a graph with statistics

Credit: Igor Kutyaev/iStock/Getty Images Plus)

How the Chinese state make inconvenient statistics disappear

How the Chinese state make inconvenient statistics on youth unemployment and covid deaths disappear.

Data For India2024060120240602 (WS)India's election has been running since 19 April. With results imminent on 4th June, More or Less talks with Chennai based data communicator Rukmini S. She founded Data for India, a new website designed to make socioeconomic data on India easier to find and understand. She talks us through the changing trends to help give a better picture of the type of country the winning party will govern.

Producers: Bethan Ashmead and Nathan Gower

Sound Engineer: Nigel Appleton

Production Coordinator: Brenda Brown

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Crowds at an election rally in Lucknow India, May 13, 2024. Credit: Hindustan Times/Getty Images)

Changing India in numbers: what type of country will the next administration lead?

As India awaits its election results, we talk to data communicator Rukmini S about India's changing population

Did 20 Million Votes Really Go Missing In The Us Election?2024111620241117 (WS)
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Just hours after Donald Trump claimed victory in the US presidential election, rumours started swirling that something was afoot.

A graph went viral on social media that appeared to show there were 20 million more votes cast in 2020 than in the 2024 election. Where had these supposedly “missing” votes gone?

Conspiracy theorists on both sides of the political spectrum began shouting claims of fraud.

The answer, it turns out, is rather more straightforward.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producer: Lizzy McNeill

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Mix: Hal Haines

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate a viral graph that suggests turnout was drastically lower than in 2020

We investigate a viral graph that suggests turnout was drastically lower than in 2020.

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Did Mussolini Make The Trains Run On Time?2024122120241222 (WS)
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“Say what you like about Mussolini but he did make the trains run on time.” This phrase is the political equivalent of “every cloud has a silver lining” – but does it have any factual basis?

Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy was full of atrocities, brutal suppression and propaganda. Did it also create a more efficient railway network?

We speak to Professor Ruth Ben-Ghiat about the truth of the claim and why the Mussolini regime wanted us to believe it.

Presenter: Lizzy McNeill

Producer: Lizzy McNeill

Researcher: Esme Winterbotham

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Master: James Beard

Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison.

Image: Benito Mussolini in his train studying maps. (Photo by ullstein picture/ullstein picture via Getty Images)

Fact checking the fascist regime.

Were reports of punctual trains in Mussolini's Italy, the truth, lies, or something else?

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Did One In 10 Greeks Die In World War Two?2024120720241208 (WS)
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When World War Two came to Greece, a period of terrible human suffering followed. There was a brutal battle with Italian and then Nazi forces, followed by an occupation in which thousands were executed and a terrible famine swept the nation.

There's an often repeated number that appears to capture the brutality of this time – that 10% of the Greek population died during the war.

We investigate where this statistic comes from and whether it is true.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate if 10 percent of the Greek population died during the second world war

We investigate if 10 percent of the Greek population died during the second world war.

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Did Trump make billions with his meme-coin?20250125

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Just before being inaugurated as US president for the second time, Donald Trump launched something called a “meme-coin”.

This is a bespoke cryptocurrency token featuring a picture of Donald Trump. A billion of them may eventually be created.

Newspaper headlines claimed that the Trump meme-coin had made the president billions of dollars wealthier. But it is far from clear that this is the case.

We investigate if the US president\u2019s crypto is really worth tens of billions of dollars.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

We investigate if the US president’s crypto is really worth tens of billions of dollars.

Did Trump Make Billions With His Meme-coin?2025012520250126 (WS)
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Just before being inaugurated as US president for the second time, Donald Trump launched something called a “meme-coin”.

This is a bespoke cryptocurrency token featuring a picture of Donald Trump. A billion of them may eventually be created.

Newspaper headlines claimed that the Trump meme-coin had made the president billions of dollars wealthier. But it is far from clear that this is the case.

We investigate if the US president's crypto is really worth tens of billions of dollars.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

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Do \u2018pig Butchering' Cyber Scams Make As Much As Half Cambodia's Gdp?2024062220240623 (WS)So-called “pig butchering ? scams take billions of dollars from people around the globe.

But do the cyber scams run from compounds in Cambodia really take an amount of money equivalent to half that country's GDP?

We investigate how the scale of these criminal operations has been calculated.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Reporter: Tom Colls

Production coordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Andrew Garratt

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate the money made by an international cybercrime operations.

We investigate an estimate of the money made by an international cybercrime operation.

Do 79% Of Swedish Asylum Seekers Go On Holiday To The Country They Fled From?2025011120250112 (WS)
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The claim that 79% of asylum seekers in Sweden go on holiday in their home country has been repeated regularly on social media.

It's used to argue that recent refugees are being disingenuous about the danger they face in the country they have fled from.

But when you look at the survey the claim is based on, you see the stat in a very different way.

We speak to Hjalmar Strid, who ran the survey for polling company Novus, and Tino Sanandaji from Bulletin, the online news site which published it.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate a refugee claim that is often being taken out of context.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

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Do 85% Of The World's Population Practice A Religion?2024092120240922 (WS)We don't usually do god on More or Less, but one listener got in touch to ask us to investigate a stat used by an Anglican priest on a BBC radio programme.

Speaking on the “Thought for the Day” slot, Reverend Lucy Winkett said that around 85% of the world's population practice a religion.

Is this true? We speak to Conrad Hackett, from the Pew Research Center, and the person whose research is the source for the claim.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Natasha Fernandes

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Vadon

Counting religions across the globe - is the world getting more religious or less?

Counting religions across the globe – is the world getting more religious or less?

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Do Fossil Fuels Get $7 Trillion In Subsidies?2024112320241124 (WS)
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Governments around the world have promised to fight climate change. But are they also pumping an absolutely massive amount of money into subsidies for fossil fuels? In 2022, an IMF working paper estimated that global subsidies for fossil fuels totalled $7 trillion. But when you dig into that research, you find that this number might not mean what you think it does. We explain how they reached that conclusion, with the help of Angela Picciariello from the International Institute for Sustainable Development, and Nate Vernon, one of the co-authors of the IMF paper.

We investigate a huge estimate for how much governments pay to support coal, gas and oil

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Do Indian Women Own 11% Of The World's Gold?2023110420231105 (WS)
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The cultural importance of gold in India as a symbol of wealth, prosperity and safety is well known – but how much do Indians actually own? Reporter Perisha Kudhail looks at a widely circulated claim about Indian women owning 11% of the world's gold, with the help of Delhi based journalist Mridu Bhandari and Joshua Saul, CEO of the Pure Gold Company.

Presenter: Ben Carter

Reporter and Producer: Perisha Kudhail

Series Producer: Jon Bithrey

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Engineer: James Beard

(Image: A saleswoman shows gold bangles to a customer at a jewellery showroom in Kolkata. Credit: Reuters/Rupak De Chowdhuri/File Photo)

The cultural importance of gold is well known - but how much do Indians actually own?

Do One In Five Young Americans Think The Holocaust Is A Myth?2024050420240505 (WS)Polling by YouGov made headlines around the world when it suggested 20% of young adults in the US thought the holocaust was a myth.

But polling experts at the Pew Research Centre thought the result might not be accurate, due to problems with the kind of opt-in polling it was based on. They tried to replicate the finding, and did not get the same answer.

We speak to Andrew Mercer from the Pew Research Centre and YouGov chief scientist Douglas Rivers.

Presenter /series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound Mix: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon

How problems with opt-in polling can lead to controversial headlines

Do We Eat A Credit Card's Worth Of Microplastic Each Week?2024082420240825 (WS)The claim we all swallow 5.5 grams of microplastic each week – the same as the weight of a credit card – has been repeated by charities, newspapers and the World Economic Forum.

But when you understand how this number was calculated, and the range of possible answers for the amount of plastic you eat, you might not want to repeat it yourself.

Professor Jamie Woodward from the University of Manchester explains what's what.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Producer: Beth Ashmead Latham

Researcher: Ajai Singh

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Giles Aspen

Editor: Richard Vadon

We look at whether humans really ingest five grams of microplastic on a weekly basis

We look at the calculations behind the widely reported statistic that we eat over five grams of microplastics each week

Do We Have Enough Clothes For The Next Six Generations?2024110920241110 (WS)
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A huge quantity of clothing is produced every year around the world. But is so much made that there are already enough tops, trousers, skirts and all the rest to clothe humanity for decades into the future?

That's a claim that has been percolating around the internet recently, that there are already enough clothes for the next six generations.

Tim Harford and Beth Ashmead Latham explore the source of this claim and, with help from Sabina Lawreniuk from Nottingham University, find that the evidence behind it is far from persuasive.

Presenter: Tim Harford and Bethan Ashmead Latham

Producer: Bethan Ashmead Latham

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Mix: Annie Gardiner

Editor: Richard Vadon

We delve into the stats on the scale of the fashion industry

We delve into the stats on the scale of the fashion industry.

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Do We See 10,000 Adverts Per Day?2024011320240114 (WS)
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How many adverts does the average person see in a day? If you search for this question online, the surprising answer is that we might see thousands – up to 10,000.

However, the idea that we see thousands of adverts is a strange and confusing one, without any good research behind it. We investigate the long history of these odd numbers, with the help of Sam Anderson from The Drum and J Walker Smith from Kantar.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound Mix: James Beard

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate the claim that each of us sees thousands of adverts every single day

We investigate the claim that each of us sees thousands of adverts every single day.

Does A Language Die Every Two Weeks?2024080320240804 (WS)Researchers have catalogued 7,164 languages spoken around the world - some are used daily by billions. Half are spoken by less than 8000 people. The death of a language, when it's no longer spoken as a first language by anyone living is a deeply significant moment in the cultural life of communities.

Multiple sources including the UN and National Geographic magazine have claimed this happens every two weeks. But we have reasons to be suspicious about that statistic.

Gary Simons, executive editor of the Ethnologue language catalogue, explains where this idea came from.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Producer: Natasha Fernandes

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Fenton-Smith

Languages are disappearing. We investigate claims of how often this happens

Languages are disappearing. We investigate claims of how often this happens.

Does Endurance Sport Harm Your Heart?2023120920231210 (WS)
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Exercise is good for you in all kinds of ways, there is no medicine like it to prevent a whole range of illnesses. But for some endurance athletes, exercise also comes with increased risk of a heart condition called atrial fibrillation.

We look for the right way to think about the risks around exercise.

Reporter: Paul Connolly

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Engineer: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Picture: A cyclist training in the mountains

Credit: anton5146/Getty Creative)

We investigate the connection between high levels of exercise and arrhythmia

We investigate the connection between high levels of exercise and abnormal heart rhythm or arrhythmia.

Does The Russian Government Really Spend 40% Of Its Budget On The Military?2024031620240317 (WS)
20240318 (WS)
According to the head of the British military, the Russian government spends 40% of its budget on its war machine. But is it true?

With the help of Professor Bettina Renz from Nottingham University and Dr Richard Connolly from The Royal United Services Institute, Olga Smirnova investigates the figure.

Presenter: Tom Colls

Producer: Olga Smirnova

Production Co-ordinator Katie Morrison

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon

Image: Russian Military Perform Victory Day Parade Night Rehearsal in Moscow credit: (Photo by Oleg Nikishin/Getty Images)

We investigate how much the Russian state is spending on the war in Ukraine.

Sound: Graham Puddifoot

(Photo: Russian military perform Victory Day parade night rehearsal in Moscow. Credit: Oleg Nikishin/Getty Images)

Federer's 54%: Tennis Stats Explained2024071320240714 (WS)How can tennis star Roger Federer have won only 54% of the points he played, but been the best player in the world?

Jeff Sackmann, the tennis stats brain behind tennisabstract.com, explains to Tim Harford how probability works in the sport.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound Mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Vadon

How Federer became the best in the world winning just over half the points he played

How Roger Federer became the best tennis player in the world by winning just over half the points he played.

Greedy Jobs And The Gender Pay Gap2023101420231015 (WS)Harvard professor Claudia Goldin has become only the third woman to win the Nobel Economics Prize for her groundbreaking research on women's employment and pay. Tim Harford discusses her work showing how gender differences in pay and work have changed over the last 200 years and why the gender pay gap persists to this day.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producer: Jon Bithrey

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Engineer: David Crackles

(Picture: Claudia Goldin at Havard University

Credit: Reuters / Reba Saldanha)

Tim Harford discusses the work of Nobel Economics prize winner Claudia Goldin

Tim Harford discusses the groundbreaking work of Nobel Economics prize winner Claudia Goldin

Has Milei Fixed Argentina's Inflation Problem?2024042720240428 (WS)Libertarian populist Javier Milei won the presidential election in Argentina on a promise austerity and economic “shock ? measures for the ailing economy.

Just a few months in, some are hailing the falling rate of inflation as showing those measures are working.

Economist Monica de Bolle, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, explains whether that thinking is correct.

Presenter/producer: Tom Colls

Producer: Ajai Singh

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon.

What falling inflation means for Milei's austerity plan and economic shock measures

What the falling inflation rate means for President Milei's austerity plan and economic “shock ? measures.

How A Tick Box Doubled The Us Maternal Mortality Rates2024062920240630 (WS)The US has been portrayed as in the grip of a maternal mortality crisis. In contrast to most other developed nations, the rate of maternal deaths in the US has been going up since the early 2000s.

But why? With the help of Saloni Dattani, a researcher at Our World in Data, Tim Harford explores how a gradual change in the way the data was gathered lies at the heart of the problem.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Production Co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: Emma Harth

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate changes to the way the US gathers their maternal mortality statistics

The US has been portrayed as in the grip of a maternal mortality crisis. We investigate how a gradual change in the way the data was gathered lies at the heart of the problem

How Many Americans Live 'paycheck To Paycheck'?2024121420241215 (WS)
20241216 (WS)

Are most Americans barely holding their head above water when it comes to personal finances?

That's what various US politicians and news outlets keep suggesting.

They can't stop using a statistic about people living “paycheck to paycheck”.

But what does this really mean?

We go behind the headlines to unpick the numbers.

Contributor:

Ben Krauss, journalist

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producer: Vicky Baker and Lizzy McNeill

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Engineer: Andrew Mills

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate a number that has been making headlines in the US.

[LISTEN NOW]

How Much Money Do The 'ndrangheta Mafia Make?2024010620240107 (WS)
20240108 (WS)
The ‘Ndrangheta are one of Italy's biggest and most dangerous criminal gangs. One piece of research suggested they have an annual turnover of €53bn - more than McDonalds and Deutsche Bank combined.

But is that number realistic? Professor Anna Sergi and Professor Francesco Calderoni help us figure out what kind of number makes sense.

Reporter: Perisha Kudhail

Series producer: Tom Colls

Sound mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Picture: Human hands with strings controlling diagram.

Credit: Boris Zhitkov/Getty Images)

We investigate whether one criminal group could have a turnover of billions of dollars

We investigate whether one criminal group could have a turnover of tens of billions of dollars.

Is Increasing Turbulence Making Flying More Dangerous?2024072020240721 (WS)Is climate change making turbulence more dangerous for people taking flights around the world?

That's what one listener asked, following a terrifying turbulence incident which left one person dead and more than 20 injured on a flight to Singapore.

We speak to turbulence expert Paul Williams, Professor of Atmospheric Science at the University of Reading, to understand what is going on.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Producer: Nathan Gower

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Vadon

Exploring the link between bumpy flights and climate change.

Is Intermittent Fasting Going To Kill You?2024052520240526 (WS)News stories earlier in the year appeared to suggest that time restricted eating – where you consume all your meals in an 8 hour time window – was associated with a 91% increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.

But is this true? Tim Harford looks into the claim with the help of Cardiologist Dr Donald Lloyd-Jones, chair of the Department of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University in the US.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production coordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Vadon

Investigating research which suggested time restricted eating increased the risk of death

Investigating research which suggested that time restricted eating increased the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.

Is Loneliness As Bad For You As Smoking?2024040620240407 (WS)Is loneliness as bad for you as smoking 15 cigarettes per day? That's the claim circulating on social media.

We trace this stat back to its source and speak to the scientist behind the original research on which it is based, Professor Julianne Holt-Lunstad.

Presenter / series producer: Tom Colls

Reporter: Perisha Kudhail

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound Mix: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon

The connection between being alone and an early death

The statistical connection between being alone and an early death.

Is Misinformation Being Spread About A Review Of Trans Youth Medicine?2024042020240421 (WS)The Cass Review is an independent report on the state of gender identity services for under-18s in England's NHS. It found children had been let down by a lack of research and 'remarkably weak' evidence on medical interventions in gender care. But before it was even released, claims were circulating online that it ignored 98% of the evidence in reaching its conclusion. Is that claim true?

We speak to Dr Hilary Cass, the author of the review, Prof Catherine Hewitt of York University, who analysed the scientific research, and Kamran Abbasi, editor in chief of the British Medical Journal.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound Mix: James Beard

Editor: Richard Vadon

Investigating claims that the Cass Review ignored 98% of valuable evidence

Investigating claims that the Cass Review into gender identity services for under-18s in England's NHS ignored the vast majority of evidence.

Is Oxfam Right About The World's Richest And Poorest People?2024012720240128 (WS)
20240129 (WS)
We investigate Oxfam's claim that “since 2020, the five richest men in the world have seen their fortunes more than double, while almost five billion people have seen their wealth fall ?.

With the help of Johan Norberg, Historian and Author of ideas and Felix Salmon, Financial Correspondent at Axios, we explore the figures behind the wealth of the richest and uncover what it really tells us about the world's financial markets.

And Charles Kenny, senior fellow at the Centre for Global Development in Washington DC, helps us unpick why, when looking at the world's poorest people, measurements of wealth don't always tell us what we really need to know.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Production Co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: Hal Haines

Editor: Richard Vadon

(image: Elon Musk at the Viva Tech fair in Paris June 2023. Credit: Nathan Laine/Getty Images)

We investigate how Oxfam use wealth stats to illustrate global inequality

We investigate how Oxfam use wealth stats to illustrate the inequality between the world's richest five people and poorest 5 billion.

Is Planet Earth Getting Greener?2024081020240811 (WS)Canadian psychologist and culture war commentator Jordan Peterson says planet Earth has got 20% greener in the last 20 years.

But satellite data tells a different story.

We investigate the correct number, with the help of Dr Chi Chen, from Rutgers University in the US.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Giles Aspen

Editor: Richard Fenton-Smith

Jordan Peterson says Earth has greened by 20% in 20 years. Is he right?

Is Public Speaking Really Our Biggest Fear?2024030920240310 (WS)
20240311 (WS)
For over 50 years it's been widely reported that speaking before a group is people's number one fear. But is it really true? With the help of Dr Karen Kangas Dwyer, a former Professor in the School of Communication at the University of Nebraska-Omaha and Dr Christopher Bader, Professor of Sociology at Chapman University, Tim Harford tracks the source of the claim back to the 1970's and explores whether it was true then, and whether it's true today.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

Picture Credit: vchal via Getty

Tim Harford investigates the claim that public speaking is people's number one fear.

Is public speaking really people's number one fear? Tim Harford tracks the claim back to the 1970's and explores whether it was true then, and whether it's true today.

Is Reading For Pleasure The Single Biggest Factor In How Well A Child Does In Life?2024051120240512 (WS)If a child loves reading, how big a difference does that make to their future success?

In a much-repeated claim, often sourced to a 2002 OECD report, it is suggested that it makes the biggest difference there is – that reading for pleasure is the biggest factor in future success.

But is that true? We speak to Miyako Ikeda from the OECD and Professor Alice Sullivan from University College London.

Presenter / series producer: Tom Colls

Reporter / producer: Debbie Richford

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon

What research says about the connection between reading and success in later life.

What the research says about the connection between reading engagement and someone's success in later life.

Is Trump Right About Violent Crime In Venezuela And The Us?2024102620241027 (WS)
20241028 (WS)

On the campaign trail for the US presidency, former president Donald Trump has been saying that the US is becoming a more dangerous than Venezuela.

He also claims that the crime data for the US that the FBI collects is missing the most violent cities.

Is he right? Tim Harford investigates, with the help of Bastian Herre from Our World in Data and Jay Albanese from Virginia Commonwealth University.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Bethan Ashmead Latham

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound Mix: Annie Gardiner

Editor: Richard Vadon

Donald Trump says Venezuela is becoming safer than the US. Is he right?

[LISTEN NOW]

More or Less20250215

[LISTEN NOW]

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life.

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

Nate Silver: Do Risk-takers Run The World?2024091420240915 (WS)Big stakes poker player and elections analyst Nate Silver is no stranger to a calculated risk.

In his new book, On The Edge, he makes the case that people willing to take massive calculated risks are winning in the modern economy.

Tim Harford talks to Nate about the mindset that's driving hedge fund managers, crypto true-believers and silicon valley investors.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Beth Ashmead Latham

Series producer: Tom Colls

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Poker player and polling analyst Nate Silver on his new book

Poker player and polling superstar Nate Silver on his new book On The Edge: The Art of Risking Everything

[LISTEN NOW]

Nba Basketball: Is Height More Important Than Skill?2024022420240225 (WS)
20240226 (WS)
In the NBA, the US professional basketball league, the average player is a shade over 6ft 6 inches tall. So just how much does being very tall increase a man's chances of becoming a professional player?

Tim Harford talks to data scientist Seth Stephens-Davidowitz, author of Who Makes the NBA?: Data-Driven Answers to Basketball's Biggest Questions.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: David Crackles

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Image: Charlotte Hornets v New York Knicks. Credit: Focus on Sport/Getty Images)

How much does a man's height affect his chances of becoming an NBA basketball player?

How much does a man's height affect his chances of becoming a professional basketball player in the NBA? Tim Harford talks to Seth Stephens-Davidowitz to slam dunk the numbers.

Nobel Prize: Why Are Some Countries So Much Richer Than Others?2024101920241020 (WS)

The question of why some countries are rich and some poor has been described as the most important question in economics.

Perhaps that is why the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson for their work on the importance of institutions in the economic fortunes of nation states.

Tim Harford explains the economic theory that underpins their award.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Reporter: Tim Harford

Producer: Bethan Ashmead Latham

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Giles Aspen

Editor: Richard Vadon

Image: The door to the Swedish Academy is pictured ahead of the announcement of the laureate of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature in Stockholm, Sweden (Photo by JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP via Getty Images)

Why Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics

[LISTEN NOW]

Numbers Of The Year - Part 22025010420250105 (WS)
20250106 (WS)

We asked and you responded, this edition of ‘numbers of the year' are from you. our loyal listeners. We scoured the inboxes to find three fascinating numbers that say something about the world we live in now and put them to our experts.

Tune if you want to hear about rising global temperatures, what Taylor Swift has in common with 65 years olds and facts about fax (machines).

Contributors:

Amanda Maycock, University of Leeds

Jennifer Dowd, University of Oxford

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Reporter: Lizzy McNeill

Producer: Vicky Baker and Lizzy McNeill

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Engineer: Rod Farquhar.

Our listeners favourite numbers of 2024.

Did we break the Paris agreement and is the German economy run by fax?

[LISTEN NOW]

Numbers Of The Year 20232023123020231231 (WS)
20240101 (WS)
Each year we ask some of our favourite statistically-minded people for their numbers of the year.

Here they are - from the population of India to the results of a first division football match.

Contributors:

Hannah Ritchie, Our World in Data

Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter, Cambridge University

Rob Eastaway, maths author

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Engineer: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Picture: Colourful numbers on blue background

Credit: Tanja Ivanova / Getty Images)

Hand-picked stats that tell you something interesting about the world

Hand-picked stats on energy, population and first division football that tell you something interesting about the world.

Numbers Of The Year 20242024122820241229 (WS)
20241230 (WS)

It's that time of year again, the time when we ask some of our favourite statistically-inclined people for their numbers of the year.

We present them to you - from falling birth rates in India to children saved by vaccines.

Contributors:

RukminiS, Data for India

Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter, Cambridge University,

Hannah Ritchie, Our World in Data.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Producers: Lizzy McNeill and Vicky Baker

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Engineer: Donald McDonald and Rod Farquhar

We ask experts about their favourite stats from 2024.

What rate does the number 2 describe in India?

[LISTEN NOW]

Numbers Of The Year: - Part Two2025010420250105 (WS)
20250106 (WS)

We asked and you responded. This edition of ‘numbers of the year' are from you, our loyal listeners. We scoured the inboxes to find three fascinating numbers that say something about the world we live in now and put them to our experts.

Tune if you want to hear about rising global temperatures, what Taylor Swift has in common with 65 years olds and facts about fax (machines).

Contributors:

Amanda Maycock, University of Leeds

Jennifer Dowd, University of Oxford

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Reporter: Lizzy McNeill

Producer: Vicky Baker and Lizzy McNeill

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound engineer: Rod Farquhar

Our listeners' favourite numbers of 2024

Tim Harford explains the numbers and statistics in the news and in life

Our listeners' favourite numbers of 2024. Did we break the Paris agreement, and is the German economy run by fax?

[LISTEN NOW]

Remembering Daniel Kahneman2024033020240331 (WS)Daniel Kahneman, a Nobel prize-winning behavioural economist and More or Less hero, has died at the age of 90.

Tim Harford explains his ideas and influence.

Presenter: Charlotte McDonald

Series producer: Tom Colls

Sound mix: Hal Haines

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Editor: Richard Vadon

Tim Harford on the great social scientist, who has died at the age of 90

Tim Harford on the Nobel prize-winning behavioural economist, who has died at the age of 90.

Shakespeare's Maths2024061520240616 (WS)William Shakespeare might well rank as the most influential writer in the English language. But it seems he also had a knack for numbers.

Rob Eastaway, author of Much Ado about Numbers, tells Tim Harford about the simple maths that brings Shakespeare's work to life.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Readings: Stella Harford and Jordan Dunbar

Producer: Beth Ashmead-Latham

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production coordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: James Beard

Editor: Richard Vadon

Author Rob Eastaway on the numbers in Shakespeare's writing

Author Rob Eastaway on the numbers in William Shakespeare's plays and sonnets

Tackling The Three-body Problem2024041320240414 (WS)Netflix has a big new show named after and inspired by a classic problem in astrophysics, 'The Three Body Problem', where predicting the course and orbits of three or more celestial bodies proves near impossible.

But how faithful is the Netflix show - and original novel - to the actual physics?

Dr Anna Lisa Varri from the University of Edinburgh explains what we can and can't say about the complex and beautiful motions of planets, stars and moons, and brings a dose of scientific facts to science fiction.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Producer: Nathan Gower

Sound Engineer: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Richard Vadon

(UIG/Science Photo Library/ Credit: Getty images)

Is the physics in Netflix's new show accurate?

Explaining the real life physics problem at the heart of Netflix's new show.

The Digital 'robots' Unlocking Medical Data2024021720240218 (WS)
20240219 (WS)
Big medical datasets pose a serious problem. Thousands of patients' health records are an enormous risk to personal privacy. But they also contain an enormous opportunity – they could show us how to provide better treatments or more effective health policies.

A system called OpenSAFELY has been designed to solve this problem, with the help of a computer code “robot ?.

Professor Ben Goldacre, director of the Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science at the University of Oxford, explains how it works.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Janet Staples

Sound mix: Hal Haines

Editor: Charlotte McDonald

Ben Goldacre on OpenSAFELY, protecting patient privacy while analysing health data

Professor Ben Goldacre on OpenSAFELY, a system to let researchers investigate medical data while keeping its secrets safe

The Global Gender Split In Young People's Politics2024021020240211 (WS)
20240212 (WS)
In a surprising new trend, young men and women around the world are dividing by gender on their politics and ideologies. Whilst young women are becoming more liberal, young men are becoming more conservative. Tim Harford speaks to John Burn-Murdoch, Columnist and Chief Data Reporter at the Financial Times, about why this global phenomena may be occurring and Dr Heejung Chung, Professor of Sociology at the University of Kent, explains why the ideological divisions between young men and women in South Korea are some of the most extreme.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Production Co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound Mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Picture: A couple with their back to each other busy with their mobile phones

Credit: Martin DM / Getty)

Tim Harford investigates the growing political divergence between young men and women.

Tim Harford investigates the growing political divergence between young men and women around the world.

The Magic Of Trigonometry2024070620240707 (WS)You might have found it boring in school maths classes, but Matt Parker thinks we should all learn to love trigonometry.

The ‘Love Triangle' author talks to Tim Harford about the maths used in GPS, architecture and special effects.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Debbie Richford

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Production Co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound Mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Vadon

Tim Harford interviews Matt Parker on his latest book 'Love Triangle

Tim Harford interviews Matt Parker on his latest book ‘Love Triangle'.

The Overlooked Mathematicians Of History2023102820231029 (WS)
20231030 (WS)
Conventional histories of mathematics are dominated by well-known names like Pythagoras, Leibniz or Newton. But to concentrate solely on figures from Europe gives us only a patchwork understanding of the rich and varied history of mathematical achievement around the world.

Tim Harford speaks to Dr Kate Kitagawa, co-author of The Secret Lives of Numbers, to explore the long history of mathematical advances and innovation across civilisations and centuries, from the female mathematician at court in imperial China to the pioneers in the mathematical powerhouses of the Middle East in the first millennium AD.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Jon Bithrey

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound engineer: James Beard

(Photo: Statue of Al Khwarizmi, a ninth century mathematician. Credit: Mel Longhurst/Getty Images)

A global history of mathematics, from ancient China to the Middle East

A global history of mathematics, from ancient China to the mathematical powerhouse of the Middle East

The Puzzles You're Meant To Get Wrong2024092820240929 (WS)

Why do some puzzles make us immediately leap to the wrong conclusion?

That's the subject of Alex Bellos' new book Think Twice, which has page after page of questions designed to deceive.

Alex sets Tim Harford some of his favourite puzzles.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison and Janet Staples

Sound mix: Donald MacDonald

Editor: Richard Vadon

Alex Bellos sets Tim Harford logical conundrums designed to deceive

Alex Bellos sets Tim Harford logical conundrums designed to deceive.

[LISTEN NOW]

Ultramarathons: Are Women Faster Than Men?2024030220240303 (WS)
20240304 (WS)
As running races get longer, the gap between male and female competitors seems to close. Tim Harford and Lucy Proctor investigate the claim that when the race is 195 miles long, women overtake men to become the fastest runners.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Reporter: Lucy Proctor

Producers: Nathan Gower and Debbie Richford

Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Series Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Image: Male and female running together up a mountain trail credit: nattrass via getty)

Is it really true that in extremely long races, women run faster than men?

Tim Harford and Lucy Proctor investigate the claim that when a running race is 195 miles long, women are faster than men.

Uncertainty, Probability And Double Yoked Eggs2024101220241013 (WS)

Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter is one of the great communicators of probability and uncertainty.

His new book, The Art of Uncertainty, explains how to approach uncertainty, luck, probability and ignorance.

Tim Harford talks to Sir David about double yoked eggs, the Bay of Pigs, and his top tips for politicians who want to communicate evidence and uncertainty.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: John Scott

Editor: Richard Vadon

Image: Portrait of mathematician and Risk guru, Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter (Photo by In Pictures Ltd./Corbis via Getty Images)

Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter on his new book, The Art of Uncertainty

[LISTEN NOW]

What Can Economics Learn From Sport?2024110220241103 (WS)
20241104 (WS)

The great theories of economics seem to have great explanatory power, but the actual world is often far too complicated and messy to fully test them out.

Professor Ignacio Palacios-Huerta, an economist at the London School of Economics has an answer – sport. In the contained setting of competitive sport, he says, the rules are clear and you know who is doing what. This means, with some analysis, you can see vibrant illustrations of well-known economic theories playing out before your eyes.

Ignacio talks to Tim Harford about some of his favourite economic theories, demonstrated in action in sporting competition.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producer: Natasha Fernandes

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: John Scott

Editor: Richard Vadon

From loss aversion to game theory, how sports provide evidence for economic theories

[LISTEN NOW]

What Do Windscreen Splats Tell Us About Insect Decline?2023102120231022 (WS)Do you notice fewer insect splats on windscreens than you used to? There's a study in the UK trying to measure this ‘windscreen phenomenon', as it's become known. We hear more about the study and whether we can draw conclusions about insect numbers in general, from reporter Perisha Kudhail, Dr Lawrence Ball from the Kent Wildlife Trust and Professor Lynn Dicks from the University of Cambridge.

Presenter: Ben Carter

Reporter/Producer: Perisha Kudhail

Series Producer: Jon Bithrey

Editor: Richard Vadon

Sound Engineer: Graham Puddifoot

(Photo: Dead insects on a windshield

Credit: shanecotee / Getty)

We ask whether the 'windscreen phenomenon' suggests falling numbers of insects

We ask whether the ‘windscreen phenomenon' suggests falling numbers of insects

What's Happening To Arctic Ice?2024032320240324 (WS)
20240325 (WS)
The area of ice covering the Arctic ocean has been in a state of long decline, as climate change takes effect. But recent fluctuations in the ice have been seized on by climate change sceptics, who say it tells a different story.

We speak to polar climate scientist Professor Julienne Stroeve to better understand how to read the ice data.

Presenter / producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Neil Churchill

Editor: Richard Vadon

Arctic ice has been in long decline. Do recent fluctuations change the story?

Arctic sea ice has been in decline for decades. Do recent fluctuations change the story?

Where Have Cuba's People Gone?2024083120240901 (WS)The Cuban government has announced that their population has fallen by 10% in two years – just days after a demographer on the Caribbean island suggested an even bigger fall.

But which is the right number, and why are so many people leaving?

We speak to Dr Emily Morris from University College London and Dr Jorge Duany from the Cuban Research Institute at Florida International University.

Presenter: Kate Lamble

Producer: Beth Ashmead Latham

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Sue Maillot

Editor: Richard Vadon

We investigate the collapse in the Caribbean island's population.

Who Pays When Trade Wars Heat Up?2024090720240908 (WS)Donald Trump wants new tariffs on goods coming into the US, describing them as a tax on other countries. The Democrats are no stranger to trade tariffs themselves, with Joe Biden having added them to numerous goods coming into the US from China.

We talk to Erica York from the Tax Foundation about how tariffs work and who ends up paying for them.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Producers: Kate Lamble and Beth Ashmead Latham

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Sound mix: Steve Greenwood

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Image: U.S. President Donald Trump, left, and Xi Jinping, China's president, shake hands during a news conference at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, on Thursday, Nov. 9, 2017.Credit Qilai Shen/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

We look at Donald Trump's claim that tariffs are a tax on other countries

Why Medical Error Is Not The Third Leading Cause Of Death In The Us2024060820240609 (WS)The claim that medical error is the third leading cause of death in the US has been zooming around the internet for years.

This would mean that only heart disease and cancer killed more people than the very people trying to treat these diseases.

But there are good reasons to be suspicious about the claim.

Professor Mary Dixon-Woods, director of The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, or THIS Institute, at Cambridge University, explains what's going on.

Presenter: Tim Harford

Series producer: Tom Colls

Production coordinator: Brenda Brown

Sound mix: Nigel Appleton

Editor: Richard Vadon

Investigating how many deaths are caused by mistakes by doctors and nurses

Investigating how many deaths are caused by mistakes by doctors and nurses in the US.

Will There Be A Billion Climate Refugees?2023120220231203 (WS)
20231204 (WS)
Former Vice President Al Gore has said that climate change is predicted to lead to a billion climate refugees.

But where do these predictions come from and are they realistic?

We investigate the idea that floods, droughts, storms and sea level rise will cause a mass migration of people across borders.

Reporter and Producer: Tom Colls

Sound Mix: James Beard

Editor: Richard Vadon

(Photo: Floods in central Somalia

Credit: Said Yusuf - WARSAME/EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock)

We investigate if floods, droughts and storms will cause mass international migration