Analysis

Catherine Deneuve was one of 100 prominent women who signed an open letter to Le Monde critiquing the #metoo movement.

We believe that the freedom to say yes to a sexual proposition cannot exist without the freedom to pester,' they wrote.

Have the French mastered a more sophisticated approach to relations between men and women, based around seduction - or is this a myth that sustains male power?

Parisian journalist Catherine Guilyardi investigates.

Producer: Estelle Doyle

Contributors:

Claude Habib - historian and author of 'Galanterie francaise

Elaine Sciolino - ex New York Times Paris bureau chief and author of 'La Seduction' and 'Rue des Martyrs

Eric Fassin - professor of sociology, Paris-8 University

Sylvie Kauffman - editorial director and columnist at Le Monde

Sandra Muller - journalist and founder of #balancetonporc

C退cile Fara and Julie Marang退 - feminist activists, organisers of the Street Art and Feminism tour in Paris

Fatima El Ouasdi - feminist activist and founder of Politiqu'elles

Peggy Sastre - philosopher of science and author of 'Male Domination Doesn't Exist'.

Do French women really think differently about sexual harassment?

Pope Benedict claims that we are now living in 'a dictatorship of relativism' - a place where nothing is certain and we are all slaves to our own desires. But his critics say he is just confusing relativism with liberalism.

Edward Stourton examines claims that the tolerance which moral relativism is supposed to foster has in fact morphed into a new form of extremism.

He speaks to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, and to the former Tory minister Ann Widdecombe - hotly-tipped to become the UK's next ambassador to the Holy See.

We also hear from the Italian politician and philosopher, Marcello Pera, philosophers Simon Blackburn, Leslie Green and Stephen Wang and the Sunni Islamic scholar Ruzwan Mohammed.

Producer: Helen Grady.

Edward Stourton asks if we are living in a dictatorship of relativism.

The Party itself sees things differently. Only it was able to push China into the future, the CCP claims, after earlier abortive attempts to modernise the country - and to secure the global eminence that it now enjoys. Its narrative also insists on the CCP's seamless triumph over obstacles placed in its path by malevolent foreign powers and reactionary domestic forces.

A hundred years on from the CCP's foundation, the eminent China-watcher Isabel Hilton assesses the importance of the Party's centenary and asks why control of its view of its history is so important. She shows which events and ideological shifts the CCP prefers not to highlight or to ignore altogether. She considers why so much of the Party's history swings between periods of repression and liberalisation. And she explores how Xi Jinping, its current leader, is using the centenary. What will preoccupy the CCP in the years ahead?

Producer Simon Coates

Editor Jasper Corbett

What view of its history does China's Communist Party present, what does it omit and why?

For some, anonymity is an ironic response to the cult of celebrity that usually preoccupies us. For others, being anonymous enables us to reject the endless celebration of the individual that characterises our times and instead to find comfort and ease in the unidentifiable mass.

Frances Stonor Saunders examines if the desire for being unknown - whether by the NHS or your search engine - is set to be the new trend of our times.

She explores with those who use the cloak of anonymity - including whistleblowers, authors and medical practitioners - the benefits which concealing your identity can confer. But she also considers the dangers of not being identifiable and how these pitfalls may affect the rest of society.

Producer Simon Coates.

Frances Stonor Saunders asks why people want anonymity while venerating individuality too.

But are we starting to see a 'new black politics'? Some suggest that the radical left-wing politics of the 1980s is no longer relevant in twenty-first century Britain, where there is a growing black middle class, a multitude of different black communities, and where black people are represented at the highest levels.

David Goodhart meets the black politicians adopting a more socially conservative standpoint to their predecessors and also talks to their critics: those who say that some of the country's most vulnerable people have been forgotten by the establishment; that institutionalised racism still exists; and that many of today's politicians do not represent the people they are meant to serve.

Interviewees include:

David Lammy, Labour MP for Tottenham

Shaun Bailey, former Conservative parliamentary candidate

Linda Bellos OBE, leader of Lambeth Council 1986-1988

Bill Bush, chief of staff to GLC leader Ken Livingstone until 1986

Trevor Phillips OBE, Chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC)

Kwasi Kwarteng, Conservative MP for Spelthorne

Stafford Scott, race equality consultant in Tottenham

David Goodhart is editor at large of Prospect magazine and was recently appointed as director of the think tank Demos.

Producer: Hannah Barnes.

How the ideologies of British black politics in Britain have changed since the 1980s.

Producer: Jim Frank

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Chris Bowlby assesses the future of Unionism in Northern Ireland

Two years since the French President, Emmanuel Macron, called for the restitution of objects taken at the height of Europe's empires, some French and Dutch museums have started the process to hand back some artefacts. However, most of the UK's main institutions remain reluctant.

Should we empty our museums to make amends for our colonial past? In this edition of Analysis, David Baker speaks to people on all sides of the argument to get to the bottom of a topic that is pitching the art world up against global politics.

Producer: Matt Russell

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Picture Credit: Crown, gold and gilded copper with glass beads, pigment and fabric, made in Ethiopia, 1600-1850 (c) Victoria and Albert Museum

Producer Mark Savage

Editor Innes Bowen.

Chris Bowlby explores the cash question facing an independent Scotland.

In this edition of Analysis Sonia Sodha explores the great leisure mystery: whatever happened to this dream of working less? And why is the idea of a 4-day working week gaining traction on the political left in Britain? What would a society that ditches the long-hours culture, and re-embraces the leisure dream look like, and is it really possible to achieve this without increasing inequality between the haves and have-nots of the labour market?

What happened to the dream of working less? Sonia Sodha investigates the four-day week.

Professor Alison Wolf of King's College London explores the post-war history of school reform in England. Speaking to former secretaries of state, historians, and teachers, she explores the forces and events that have shaped schools. She argues that real changes have been surprisingly few and that despite a great deal of fiery rhetoric, they have generally continued across party lines. And she asks if that means that governments have perhaps been listening to what parents genuinely want?

Producer: Gemma Newby.

Professor Alison Wolf on the surprising story of postwar school reform in England.

Caroline Wyatt spent many years covering defence for the BBC and has heard warnings from retired generals about chronic under-funding many times. But with army numbers already down to a level not seen since before the Napoleonic Wars, big projects like the F-35 fighter jets in trouble, and a £2bn a year black hole in the defence budget, further salami slicing seems untenable. How then to prioritise which capabilities the UK must maintain and improve?

The UK faces an intensified threat from Russia, 'hybrid' warfare where cyber attacks and political destabilisation are used alongside military force, and advances in missile technology. Post Brexit, the UK's strategic position both globally and within the European defence space is unclear. How we want to deploy our armed forces - where, with whom, and at what cost - is once again up for debate.

Producer: Lucy Proctor.

Caroline Wyatt explores the big questions facing the UK's armed forces.

According to a YouGov poll, the majority of Brits can't get through dinner without checking their phone. Children and young adults can now be treated on the NHS for ‘gaming and internet addiction'. So, with the arrival of the metaverse, which promises to seamlessly blend our real and virtual worlds, are we facing a future which could potentially turbocharge this issue?

Elaine asks if addiction to technology is real, and as it becomes more entwined in our everyday lives, what's being done about it? Speaking to addiction specialists, tech experts, and others, she finds out how we can live more harmoniously with technology and develop healthier relationships with our screens.

With contributions from:

James Ball, author of 'The System: Who Owns the Internet, and How it Owns Us'.

Anna Lembke, Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine and author of 'Dopamine Nation'.

Dr Rebecca Lockwood from the National Center for Gaming Disorder.

Catherine Price, science journalist and founder of ScreenLifeBalance.com.

Professor of AI and Spatial Computing, David Reid.

Producer: Craig Templeton Smith

The official aid budget is dwarfed by a private form of help for the developing world: remittances sent home by immigrants working in richer countries.

So should governments keen to help the developing world encourage migration and remittances as a replacement for state-funded aid? 'They have the key advantage that the people who send them know the people who are supposed to be receiving them... There's less opportunity for corruption and for waste... and they might have lower overhead costs,' argues Owen Barder of the Center for Global Development.

Frances Cairncross, rector of Exeter College, Oxford and former managing editor of The Economist, explores the limits of this free market alternative to state-funded development aid.

Contributors include:

Steve Baker

Conservative MP for Wycombe

Dilip Ratha

Migration and remittances expert from the World Bank and the University of Sussex

Senior fellow of Washington DC think-tank, the Center for Global Development

Hetty Kovach

Senior policy adviser to Oxfam

Devesh Kapur

Director of the Centre for the Advanced Study of India at the University of Pennsylvania

Onyekachi Wambu

From the African Foundation for Development, or AFFORD

Alex Oprunenco

Head of international programmes with Moldovan think-tank, Expert Grup

Professor Paul Collier

Author of The Bottom Billion and director at the Oxford University Centre for the study of African Economies

Producers: Helen Grady and Daniel Tetlow.

Could a more relaxed policy on immigration help the developing world more than state aid?

Producer: Simon Coates.

Why is the UK such a generous global aid donor, and should it be? Jo Coburn investigates.

Frank Gardner talks to former allies of Osama bin Laden who have turned against him.

Are we giving machines too much power over our lives?

Contributors:

Henry Olsen, Vice President, American Enterprise Institute

Professor Francis Fukuyama, Stanford University

Michael Lind, New America Foundation and Author of 'Land of Promise:an Economic History of the United States

Michael Kibbe, President Freedom Works

Thomas Frank, Author, 'Pity the Billionaire

Jay Cost, Columnist, Weekly Standard.

Justin Webb explores what the primaries tell us about the state of the right in the US.

Richard Reeves, director of the think tank Demos, argues that social housing has failed.

Justin speaks to green capitalists including the Conservative MP John Gummer, who thinks that technology and reinvented markets hold the answer to tackling global warming. He talks to Greenpeace chairman John Sauven about green attitudes to so-called techno fixes, including nuclear power, and discusses green conversion tactics such as so-called identity campaigning with Tom Crompton from the conservation charity WWF and Solitaire Townsend, co-founder of the green public relations company Futerra.

The programme also hears from the leading green thinkers Jonathon Porritt and Professor Mike Hulme, founding director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, and from the theologian and United Nations advisor on climate change and world religions Martin Palmer. Martin sees parallels between some parts of the green movement and millenarian cults who have claimed that 'the end of the world is nigh'. Justin also interviews Andrew Simms from the New Economics Foundation, who believes we can only tackle climate change if we are weaned off our addiction to consumption and economic growth.

Is it time the green movement ditched some of its ideological baggage?

Michael Blastland asks if 'group-think' is distancing policy from the public.

Producers: Beth Sagar-Fenton and Josephine Casserley

Will human actions result in the demise of huge numbers of other species?

Producer: Sally Abrahams.

As top scientists warn of the risks of AI, should we fear super-intelligent machines?

Now Secretary Perry is worried. Very worried. President Trump and President Putin are both ramping up their bellicose rhetoric. Mr Perry sees an increasing risk of nuclear conflagration in South Asia and the Korean peninsula, and in the face of an on-going terrorism threat, he is concerned unsecured nuclear materials could fall into the wrong hands.

Today, the danger of some sort of nuclear catastrophe is greater than it was during the Cold War and most people are blissfully unaware of this danger,' he argues.

What can be done? In a challenging interview with Edward Stourton, Secretary Perry reflects on the nuclear nightmare, and lays out his formula for nuclear security in our changing world.

Producer: Linda Pressly

(Image: Dr William Perry gives a lecture at Stanford University about the history of nuclear weapons. Credit: Light at 11b).

Professor Rosie Campbell asks how we can make judgements about a politician's authenticity. Are politicians more trustworthy if they stick to their principles without compromise? Or is authenticity about revealing our true character, warts and all? And what is better for democracy? Authentic leaders who are straight talking and stick rigidly to their ideals or leaders who are willing to negotiate behind the scenes?

Producer: Ben Carter.

Professor Rosie Campbell asks how we can make judgements about politicians' authenticity.

The demonstrations have been suppressed and the president is still in power, so has the storm that blew up in Iran after this summer's elections been stilled? Far from it, and now the opposition is coming from where you'd least expect. Some of the country's top theologians and clergymen think that President Ahmadinejad is doing grave damage to the standing of Islam and they want him out.

The programme contains an exclusive email interview with one of Shia Islam's most senior and respected clerics, Grand Ayatollah Hoseyn Ali Montazeri, who calls on Iran's clerics to work with political activists to bring about reform and 'be in step with the people'. Other interviewees include Professor Ali Ansari from the Institute for Iranian Studies, journalists Amir Taheri, Baqer Moin and Nazenin Moshiri, theologian Mehdi Khalaji and human rights campaigner Roya Kashefi.

Ed Stourton asks if a battle over theology could bring an end to Iran's Islamic Republic.

Presenter: Clare McNeil

Producer: Arlene Gregorius

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Speakers:

Angie Hobbs, Professor of the Public Understanding of Philosophy, the University of Sheffield

Lord David Willetts, President of the Resolution Foundation

George Monbiot, environmental campaigner and author

Felix Pinkert, Assistant professor of Philosophy and Economics, University of Vienna

Jacob Hacker, Professor of Political Science, Yale University

Jade Sasser, Associate Professor of Gender and Sexuality Studies, University of California, Riverside

Ronald Lee, emeritus professor of Demography and Economics, University of California, Berkeley

Birth rates in many countries are getting lower. Should we worry about this or welcome it?

Their children, by contrast, struggle to climb even onto the first rung of the housing ladder; they leave university with an average debt of £22,000 around their necks, they're finding it tough to get a job and can't even think about building up a pension.

David Willetts thinks this is unfair and wants the Boomers to pay their children back. But should they?

Michael Blastland asks whether we are in danger of focusing on the wrong target.

Producer: Ingrid Hassler

Editor: Innes Bowen.

Should the seemingly privileged Baby Boomers bear the brunt of Government spending cuts?

Zareer Masani considers the relationship between voting and other democratic rights.

Zareer Masani considers the relationship between voting and other democratic rights.

That theory may have been based on a misunderstanding of how this particular virus behaved.

The second narrative was based on the idea of `behavioural fatigue`. This centred around the notion that the public will only tolerate a lockdown for so long so it was crucial to wait for the right moment to initiate it. Go too soon, and you might find that people would not comply later on.

It turns out that this theory was also wrong. And based on a fundamental misunderstanding of human behaviour.

Despite photos of packed parks, crammed beaches and VE day conga lines, on the whole the British public complied beyond most people's expectations.

So what informed the government's decision making?In this programme we ask, what is `behavioural fatigue`, where did it come from, how much influence did it have on the UK's late lockdown, and where does Nudge theory fit into the narrative?

Presenter: Sonia Sodha

Producer: Gemma Newby

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Behavioural fatigue: what is it, where did it come from, and what's the link with Nudge?

Producer: Lucy Proctor

(Photo: Pips Bunce, the global head of Fixed Income & Derivatives IT engineering at Credit Suisse, who identifies as gender-fluid, or gender-variant).

Linda Pressly explores the challenge to conventional ideas from 'gender-neutral' people.

But what does it mean for the whole economy when prices just keep rising? In the 1970s inflation in the UK led to prices and wages spiralling as workers fought for wages that would keep up with prices.

Those years were dominated by waves of strikes and social unrest as inflation became embedded in the economic system. The current situation is being exacerbated by Covid 19, the war in Ukraine and Brexit so is there anything that government can do to stop it? How bad could it get? And are the days of low inflation gone forever?

Reporter Philip Coggan talks to:

Manoj Pradhan consultant at Talking Macroeconomics

Andy Haldane, Chief Executive of the RSA and former Chief Economist at the Bank of England

Jagjit Chadha: Director of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR)

Helen Dickinson, Chief Executive of the British Retail Consortium

Ruth Gregory, Economist at Capital Economics

Kenneth Rogoff, Professor of Economics at Harvard University

Producer: Claire Bowes

Editor: Richard Fenton-Smith

Production co-ordinators: Helena Warwick-Cross and Maria Ogundele

Sound engineer: Neil Churchill

Why is inflation on the rise, and what can we do about it?

Wales has been a global pioneer in supporting the `mundane` but crucial Foundational Economy, shaping policies around it. They've establish a dedicated ministerial board, and have a £4.5m fund, supporting a series of experimental projects testing the importance and potential of the Foundational Economy. But can it ever be big enough or bold enough to transform the state's finances?

Clare McNeil visits the former Slate mining capital of the world - Blaenau Ffestiniog - to investigate whether these projects can provide sufficient stability and growth, and if the rest of the UK should focus on the mundane to develop the economy.

Presenter: Clare McNeil

Producer: Jonathan IAnson

Editor: Clare Fordham

Blaenau Ffestiniog investigates whether the foundational economy is viable.

David Goodhart examines a radical plan to win back Labour's working-class supporters.

Since he was elected leader of the Labour Party, Sir Keir Starmer has spoken of his love of country, determined to make a break with the legacy of his predecessor. Polling suggested Jeremy Corbyn was perceived to be cool in his patriotic sympathies. That view among electors in northern England and the Midlands was indeed so strong it was one of the main reasons former Labour supporters gave for switching to the Conservatives at the 2019 general election.

In this edition of 'Analysis', Edward Stourton asks how Labour can turn the page on its seemingly conflicted stance on patriotism. What would a distinctive Labour patriotism consist of? Could it appeal to different people in different parts of Britain when the Union now seems more fragile than ever? Is the task even so fraught with difficulty that Labour should simply leave this subject to its opponents? In short, what is Labour's answer today to the awkward challenge posed by Orwell eighty years ago and which stubbornly refuses to go away?

Those taking part: Deborah Mattinson of BritainThinks; former Labour leader, Lord Kinnock; singer and author, Billy Bragg; Shadow Scottish Secretary, Ian Murray MP; New Labour loyalist, Lord Adonis; Labour MP, Florence Eshalomi; and Jon Cruddas, Labour thinker and MP for Dagenham & Rainham.

Producer Simon Coates

Editor Jasper Corbett

Ex-Labour voters say the party is insufficiently patriotic. So what should it do about it?

Producer: Helen Grady

Interviewees:

Torsten Bell, the Resolution Foundation

Angus Hanton, the Intergenerational Foundation

Baroness Ros Altmann, former pensions minister

John Kay, economist

Joanne Segars, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association

Baroness Onora O'Neill, philosopher

Frances O'Grady, Trades Union Congress

Ben Page, Ipsos MORI.

Paul Johnson asks if the government should break pledges made to pensioners.

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

Edward Stourton asks if the island of Ireland is where Brexit will matter most.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Edward Stourton asks what happens on the island of Ireland if the UK leaves the EU.

As a younger man, Anand Menon spent a care-free summer Inter-railing around Europe. Some decades later, and now a professor of European politics, he's taking to the rails again - this time with a more specific purpose. While British ministers squabble over what they want for a post-Brexit UK, less attention is paid to the other 27 countries in the negotiations. Each can veto any long-term deal between Britain and the European Union. And each, critically, has its own politics to worry about. Professor Menon visits four European countries where politicians will face their electorates next year. What forces will decide their political survival? And how will those forces shape the EU's future relationship with the UK?

Producer: Simon Maybin.

The future arrived first in Russia. The defeat of communism gave rise to political technologists who flourished in the vacuum left by the Cold War, developing a supple approach to ideology that made them the new masters of politics. Something of this post-ideological spirit is visible in Britain. Centrism no longer seems viable. Globalisation is increasingly resented. Ours is an uncertain political landscape in which commentators and polls habitually fail to predict what is to come. There was a time when if you lived in a certain place, in a certain type of home, then you were likely to vote a certain way. But that is no longer the case. Instead, political strategists imagine you through your data. The campaigns that succeed are the ones that hook in as many groups as possible, using advances in political technology to send different messages to different groups.

Pomerantsev, one of the most compelling voices on modern Russia, is a senior visiting fellow at the London School of Economics and is the author of 'Nothing is True and Everything is Possible: Adventures in Modern Russia'.

Producer: Ant Adeane.

Is political technology causing society to fragment?

Dr John Bew is lecturer in War Studies and deputy director of the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence at King's College London.

Producer: Helen Grady

Editor: Innes Bowen.

Dr John Bew asks what the state can do to promote national identity.

In this week's Analysis, Jo Fidgen investigates the 'Swedish model' and the British obsession with it. She finds the country is more conservative than people think, with its centre-right government's generous welfare state depending on very traditional notions of trust and social cohesion. At the root of Swedish conservativism is what the experts call a 'Swedish theory of love' - in which the state is seen as the defender of the individual. Could this idea ever work for Britain? Sweden has provided a blue-print for David Cameron's Conservatives and their 'Big Society' reforms, but many in Sweden argue that they are being misunderstood by Britain's Tories. Jo also looks at how, as Sweden struggles to become more multicultural, the 'Swedish model' itself may in fact be unravelling.

Interviewees include:

Anders Borg, Swedish finance minister

Samuel Englom, Chief Legal Adviser at the Swedish trade union federation (TCO)

Fraser Nelson, Editor of The Spectator magazine

Sofia Nerbrand, Swedish centre-right thinker

Nalin Pekgul, Swedish Social Democrat member of Parliament

Lars Tragardh, Professor of History at Ersta Sk怀ndal University College

Marcus Uvell, President of the free market think-tank Timbro

Producer: Mukul Devichand.

Why are Tories and the left obsessed with the 'Swedish model'? Jo Fidgen investigates.

While police forces hope computer software will help them to assess risk and reduce crime, civil rights groups fear that it could entrench bias and discrimination.

~Analysis asks if these new computer tools will transform policing - and whether we need new laws to regulate them.

Contributors

Archive from Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network

Jonathan Dowey, business intelligence manager, Avon and Somerset Police

Hannah Couchman, Advocacy and Policy Officer, Liberty

Professor Lawrence Sherman, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge

Bryanna Fox, Associate Professor of Criminology University of South Florida

Dame Glenys Stacey, The Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation

Jamie Grace, Senior Lecturer in Law, Sheffield Hallam University

Producer: Diane Richardson

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Can computer algorithms predict and even prevent future crime?

Margaret Heffernan talks to international academics at the forefront of research into new forms of democratic discourse, to journalists involved in facilitating national conversations and to members of the public who seized the opportunity to talk to a stranger with opposing political views:

Eileen Carroll, QC Hon, Principal Mediator and Co-founder, Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution

Jon Connor-Lyons, participant, Britain Talks

James S. Fishkin, Janet M. Peck Professor of International Communication and Director, Centre for Deliberative Democracy, Stanford University

Danielle Lawson, Post Doctoral Research Scholar, North Carolina State University

Ada Pratt, participant, Britain Talks

Mariano Sigman. Associate Professor, Torcuato Di Tella University, Buenos Aires

Cass R. Sunstein, Robert Walmsley University Professor, Harvard Law School

Jochen Wegner, Editor, Zeit Online

Ros Wynne-Jones, columnist, Daily Mirror

Presenter: Margaret Heffernan

Producer: Sheila Cook

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Margaret Heffernan challenges a view that polarisation means we do not change our minds.

In this programme, David Edmonds tracks the emergence of the nation state and the debate surrounding it. From post-colonial Ghana to contemporary Britain, we hear what nationalism has meant to different people in different contexts, as well as the social and philosophical principles that underlie it.

Contributors:

Professor Michael Billig, Emeritus Professor of Social Sciences at Loughborough University,

Professor Richard Bourke, professor of the history of political thought, University of Cambridge.

Elizabeth Ohene, former Minister of State in Ghana.

Dr Sandra Obradovic, Lecturer in Psychology, The Open University.

Professor Tariq Modood, director of the Bristol University Research Centre for the Study of Ethnicity and Citizenship.

Dr Sarah Fine, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Cambridge

Producer: Nathan Gower

Studio Manager: James Beard

Editor: Richard Fenton-Smith

Production Co-ordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick-Cross

Charting the birth of the nation state and if nationalism can exist in a healthy form.

Why has this happened in a country that's produced more successful children's books than any other? From Paddington, to Harry Potter, the Chronicles of Narnia to Alice in Wonderland, and of course, the Gruffalo, the list is vast. Is a lack of access to school and local libraries the problem, too few books at home or the rise of phones, tablets and game consoles?

What can schools, government, the media and parents do to help foster a love of reading that could help children throughout their lives? Author and former Children's Laureate Julia Donaldson investigates.

Presenter: Julia Donaldson

Producer: Ravi Naik

Editor: Clare Fordham

Contributors:

Frank Cottrell-Boyce, author and screenwriter

Joseph Coelho, 2022-24 Children's Laureate, author and poet

Teresa Cremin, Professor of Education (Literacy), the Open University

Joanna Prior CEO Pan Macmillan Publishing, and Chair of Trustees at the National Literacy Trust

Laura Patel, head of literacy, Sandhill View Academy school, Sunderland

Leia Sands, librarian and committee member, the Great School Libraries campaign

Ben Lawrence, arts and culture editor, The Daily Telegraph

Sonia Thompson, headteacher, St Matthews C of E primary school, Birmingham

Reading for pleasure can improve children's outcomes - but it's also in decline.

Research suggests that reading for pleasure is a key indicator in a child's future outcome. But how can we foster that love of reading? Author Julia Donaldson investigates.

So is it time to disrupt the disrupters? Journalist and writer Jamie Bartlett asks how we can regulate big tech. He meets the regulators who are daring to reclaim power, and assesses the challenges involved in imposing rules on an industry which is deeply complicated, ever changing and supranational. Do governments have the resources to reassert sovereignty over something which has become so embedded in our culture? And how would society change if they did?

Producer: Gemma Newby.

Is it time to disrupt the disrupters and rein in big tech?

Margaret Heffernan meets experts on police reform and former senior officers to explore the organisational challenge that faces any force which wants to transform itself and re-establish public trust. She hears from those involved in establishing the Police Service of Northern Ireland, following the Good Friday Agreement. What were the political and organisational challenges that faced the PSNI in terms of recruitment from two different communities? What lessons might that process offer to the transformation that is needed across other forces? And how would organisational psychologists suggest tackling and turning round long established cultures?

Presenter: Margaret Heffernan

Producer: Philip Reevell

Editor: Clare Fordham

Margaret Heffernan asks: can the Metropolitan police force change?

Contributors:

Tim Gibbs, Head of Public Service Analysis Team, Office for National Statistics

Emma Codd, Global Chief Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer, Deloitte

Gabrielle Judge, Influencer and CEO, Anti Work Girlboss

Joel Gujral, CEO and Founder, MYNDUP

Dr Lucy Foulkes, Research Fellow in the Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford

Mel Stride, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

Alison McGovern, Shadow Minister for Work and Pensions

With thanks to City, University of London

Presenter: James Kirkup

Producer: Dan Hardoon

Editor: Clare Fordham

Is poor mental health amongst young people affecting the economy?

Is poor mental health amongst young people affecting the economy? And how should employers and policymakers respond?

A record 2.6 million people are off work due to long-term sickness, with mental health conditions the biggest single contributor. The problem is particularly acute among younger people, who are disproportionately likely to cite poor mental health as their reason for not working. Other surveys suggest that poor mental health and burnout are among the top reasons for young people to quit their job. But should young people develop more resilience and `soldier on`, as older generations may have done, or is being more open about mental health a good thing? And how well are employers adapting to the expectations of younger workers when it comes to mental health and wellbeing?

Guests:

Sir John Redwood MP

Sir Charlie Bean, professor of economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science

Lord Nick Macpherson, former permanent secretary to the Treasury

Dame DeAnne Julius, distinguished fellow, Chatham House

Dr Jill Rutter, senior fellow, The Institute of Government

Producer: Caroline Bayley

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Jacqui Johnson

Sound: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Hugh Levinson

As tax rises hit pay packets next month is this an end to Conservative low tax policy?

Before 2020, proposals to create a vaccine against coronaviruses were not thought important enough to pursue since many just cause the common cold. Now that we understand their real threat, can scientists succeed in creating a vaccine to fight this large family of viruses,?

Produced and presented by Sandra Kanthal

Editor: Emma Close

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Jacqui Johnson

Sound: James Beard and Rod Farquhar

Philip Coggan takes a look at why public spending tends to rise in the long run and the continuing political battle to contain it.

Guests:

David Gauke, former Conservative MP and Treasury minister from 2010 to 2017

Carys Roberts, Executive Director of the Institute for Public Policy Research

Jagjit Chadha, Director of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research

Jill Rutter, Senior Fellow of the Institute for Government

Producer: Ben Carter

Production co-ordinator: Helena Warwick-Cross and Maria Ogundele

Sound engineer: James Beard

Editor: Clare Fordham

Philip Coggan examines the rise in public spending and the political battle to contain it

Producers: Ruth Alexander and Smita Patel.

Fukushima made many people oppose nuclear power. What it would take to change their minds?

Presenter: David Edmonds

Producer: Simon Maybin.

What happens when a machine faces a moral dilemma? David Edmonds investigates.

But what about the system of wealth, power and race that he represented?

Bristol journalist Neil Maggs speaks to the people in Bristol dealing with Colston's legacy. Current members of the Society of Merchant Venturers, a powerful charitable organisation which promoted Colston's reputation as a philanthropist, have suddenly been thrust into the spotlight. School leaders are rolling out unconscious bias training. Elsewhere community leaders and politicians are navigating the potential for a backlash against terms such as white privilege as the national conversation on race continues.

Producer: Lucy Proctor

Editor: Jasper Corbett

The statue of Bristol slaver Edward Colston has gone - but his legacy persists in the city

Interviewees:

Jesse Norman MP

Matthew Hancock MP

Nadhim Zahawi MP

Charles Moore, former editor of The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Telegraph and The Spectator

Donald Winch, Emeritus Professor of Intellectual History at Sussex University

Raghuram Rajan, Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business

Producer: Mukul Devichand.

Edward Stourton meets the defenders of capitalism turning against the undeserving rich.

In recent years the media has highlighted terrible cases of paid carers abusing and neglecting vulnerable, older people. Is it now time for a more fundamental re-examination of how society should care for older people? Much is made of the poor status, low wages and lack of training of workers in the care system. Why are older people entrusted to them in a way which we would never allow for children? Should we tackle the view that old age is simply a period of decline that has to be managed rather than an opportunity for a fulfilling final chapter of life? Sonia Sodha examines new thinking from Japan, the US and closer to home about how care might be done differently. And she considers whether we need to change our approach to how we look after the elders in our society.

Producer: Ian Muir-Cochrane.

Is it time to rethink how older people are cared for to enable fulfilling lives?

Aside from a few fact-finding trips, the prospect of legalising cannabis is not on the political agenda here in the UK - but could it be missing out?

Advocates say it's a bad call to let criminals continue to profit when legal businesses and the government could reap the financial rewards instead. Opponents counter that no amount of money is worth the associated public health risks.

But in the past decade countries including Canada, Malta, Uruguay and parts of the United States have decided to embrace the so-called green rush.

But how is it working out for them economically and what lessons could other places considering legalisation learn?

Reporter Datshiane Navanayagam talks to:

Christopher Snowden, Head of Lifestyle Economics at the Institute of Economic Affairs

Adam Spiker, executive director of a cannabis trade association in California

Amanda Chicago Lewis, a US based investigative reporter covering cannabis

Laura Schultz, executive director of research at Rockefeller Institute of Government in New York

Rishi Malkani, Cannabis Leader at Deloitte

Charlotte Bowyer, Head of Advisory at Hanway Associates

Producer: Ben Carter

Editor: Richard Fenton-Smith

Production co-ordinators: Helena Warwick-Cross and Maria Ogundele

Sound engineer: James Beard

Some countries have legalised cannabis - but how lucrative has it really been?

Richard Reeves asks whether it is time for the chattering classes to promote their virtues

In tech lingo, a unicorn is a rare start-up company valued at $1 billion dollars or more in private markets. Five years ago there were fewer than 50. Today there are over 400, including Airbnb, Uber and Deliveroo. Often created by eccentric founders and funded by evangelical venture capital backers with deep pockets, these companies have come to define our digital age while creating unimaginable riches for their investors.

But with many enduring eye-watering losses even before the pandemic, and with big question marks hanging over their long term viability, is the magic dust finally coming off?

Elaine Moore is a tech columnist at the Financial Times based in San Francisco - home of the tech unicorn. She's on a mission to find out what the future holds for the industry and what it could mean for us next time we take a taxi or order in a Friday night curry.

Presenter: Elaine Moore

Producer: Craig Templeton Smith

Editor: Jasper Corbett

What does the future hold for Silicon Valley's tech start ups in a post-pandemic world?

This week, Mukul Devichand travels to the People's Republic of China for a unique look at the social and ideological faultlines in the country. Radio 4's Analysis programme has a 40-year history of looking at the deeper ideas and trends shaping politics -- and this week's programme takes that approach on the road to a rising superpower whose policy debates are largely misunderstood in the West, despite the profound implications of China's future direction for our own.

Recent years have seen large-scale social experiments in China and the emergence of a 'New Left' school of thought to rival the pro-market 'New Right' in Chinese intellectual life. Mukul Devichand looks at what these scholars and officials are reading, and the ideas that shape their vision of the world. He looks at how these schools of ideas have created their own showcase provinces and cities -- Chongqing vs Guangdong -- and looks at recent events for clues about where China will go next.

Contributors:

Mark Leonard

Director, European Council on Foreign Relations

Author, What Does China Think?

John Garnaut

China correspondent, Sydney Morning Herald and Melbourne Age

Zhang Jian

Professor of Political Science, Peking University

Daniel Bell

Professor of Political Theory, Tsinghua University and Jiaotong University

Pan Wei

Director, Center for Chinese & Global Affairs. Peking University

Producer: Lucy Proctor.

How the furore over a single arrest demonstrates China's rising power.

This characterisation is motivated by genuine concerns that heavy use of the internet and computer games are actually rewiring the brains of young people. They are learning and thinking differently to their forebears in a massive technological and social experiment. Kenan investigates these concerns and asks Stephen Fry, among others, whether the rise of the digital generation should be a cause for celebration or concern.

The reality behind the stereotype of teenagers apparent over-reliance on the internet.

Frances Cairncross investigates the idea that technology can combat global warming.

Edward Stourton considers the case for economic policy being driven from the very top of government. If decision-making, in arguably the most important government department, took place on the prime minister's terms rather than having to be negotiated with a powerful colleague leading a vast bureaucracy, would that make for quicker and more streamlined decision-making that gave clearer direction to the government overall? And has in any case the time come to clip the wings of the Treasury which too often determines policy on narrowly financial grounds rather than properly allowing for the potential benefits of government spending - and which has recently signed off such alarmingly over-budget projects as HS2 and London's Crossrail?

In seeking answers to those questions, Edward speaks to the former Chancellors, Alistair Darling and Norman Lamont; to former Chief of Staff to Tony Blair in Downing Street, Jonathan Powell; to former Treasury minister, David Gauke; and and to ex-officials, including former top Treasury civil servant, Nic Macpherson.

Producer Simon Coates

What would be different if 10 Downing Street rather than the Treasury ran economic policy?

Why is it that so many British Muslims - especially from Pakistani and Bangladeshi backgrounds - seem to be converging much more slowly, if at all, on liberal British norms? Is this a problem in a liberal society and what are the future trends likely to be?

David Goodhart, of the think tank Demos, visits Leicester in search of some answers. He listens to many different Muslim voices from a mufti who advises Muslims on how to navigate everyday life in a non-Muslim society to a liberal reformer who is dismayed at seeing more women wearing the niqab.

East is East (extract with Jane Horrocks and Ayub Khan) is playing at the Trafalgar Studios, London until 3rd January, and then on tour.

Contributors:

Mustafa Malik, Director of the Pakistan Youth and Community Centre, Leicester

Saj Khan, Leicestershire businessman

Mufti Muhammed Ibn Adam, Islamic scholar, Leicester

Riaz Ravat, Deputy Director, St Philip's Centre, Leicester

Dilwar and Rabiha Hussain, New Horizons organisation, Leicester

Gina Khan, human rights campaigner

Myriam Francois-Cerrah, journalist and PhD researcher

Jytte Klausen, affiliate professor at the Center for European Studies at Harvard University

Producer Katy Hickman.

David Goodhart on liberal Britain's relationship with socially conservative Muslims.

Producer: Bob Howard

Are we living in a golden age of political conspiracy theories?

In ordinary times constitutional debate often seems an abstract business without very much relevance to the way we live our lives. But political turmoil can operate like an X-ray, lighting up the bones around which the body politic is formed.

Drawing on recent political events, Edward Stourton explores the effectiveness of the constitutions of the United Kingdom, the USA and France and asks are they doing what they were meant to do?

CONTRIBUTORS

Lord Peter Hennessy, Professor of Contemporary British History, Queen Mary University of London

Alison Young, Professor of Public Law, University of Oxford

Professor Tom Ginsburg, University of Chicago Law School

Sophie Boyron, Senior Lecturer, University of Birmingham Law School

David S Bell, Professor of French Government and Politics, University of Leeds

Presenter: Edward Stourton

Producer: Richard Fenton-Smith.

Constitutions control the people who run countries - but how well do they work?

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

A clumsy pass or harassment? Jo Fidgen asks: what are the new rules of relationships.

The economist Joseph Schumpeter first coined the phrase 'creative destruction' in the 1940s. Innovation he believed causes the death of established businesses and leads to new opportunities.

So, are company failures necessary for future growth? Or is 'creative destruction' a comforting delusion, not a saving grace?

Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Should we be celebrating that some of Britain's big high street brands have gone bust?

You can see why the idea is attractive to ministers. In a period of spending restraint - and with a huge and hugely expensive prison population - a 'payment by results' system promises to fund rehabilitation projects from future savings.

But will it work? After all, rehabilitation is hardly a new idea. And so far, it seems, most attempts have made little difference. So the question is whether a new way of paying for criminal rehabilitation might deliver better results. There's unrestrained excitement among some of those working with offenders. And deep scepticism among some criminologists.

Emma Jane Kirby investigates.

Interviewees include: the Justice Secretary, the Rt Hon Kenneth Clarke MP; criminologists Professor Sir Anthony Bottoms and Professor Carol Hedderman; Geoff Mulgan from the Young Foundation; the welfare expert Professor Dan Finn; Toby Eccles from Social Finance; and Rob Owen, chief executive of the St Giles Trust.

Producer: Richard Knight.

Emma Jane Kirby investigates Ken Clarke's promised 'rehabilitation revolution'.

Interviewees include:

Charles Falconer, Former Lord Chancellor

Kristen Eichensehr, Yale Law school

Michael Lobban, Historian

Anjem Choudary, Former leader of Islam4UK

Kieran McEvoy, Professor of law at Queen ??s University in Belfast

Edward Garnier, Shadow attorney general

If treason laws are regarded as out of date, can anyone challenge the state with impunity?

The British Council and the BBC World Service, both part-funded by the Foreign Office, are the two most important institutions of British cultural diplomacy.

The British Council organises exhibitions and events at its offices around the world with artists such as Grayson Perry. He feels that the fact his work deals with controversial themes is part of his attraction for the cultural diplomats keen to convey the values of liberalism by saying, 'Look what we put up with in our country: a cross-dressing potter who's talking about the evils of advertising.

The BBC World Service is editorially independent but is funded by the Foreign Office.

Frances Stonor Saunders explores the tension between the fact that cultural diplomacy has an official purpose yet the endeavours it seeks to promote need to maintain freedom and independence as a mark of a liberal society.

Contributors include Grayson Perry, Timothy Garton Ash and Sir Sherard Cowper Coles.

How effective is cultural diplomacy as a weapon of soft power?

After the travails of the eurozone in the wake of Irish, Portuguese, Spanish and - above all - Greek woes, John Redwood argues that the pressure is growing on the countries which use the euro to move closer politically. But not everyone in those countries agrees, as he discovers.

Meanwhile, in the UK, leading Scottish Nationalists continue to make the argument for Scotland to become independent while retaining the pound. But how sustainable is this position? And what are the lessons of the decision by the German government to bring together the old East and West using a currency union that valued both countries' currencies at the same rate despite a huge gap in the productivity between the two?

Producer: Simon Coates.

John Redwood asks how viable currency unions can be without political unions behind them.

Can science offer us a realistic prospect of immortality and would it be desirable?

So what happens when society becomes divorced from the business of defending itself? In liberal Britain, some sections of society seem more and more alienated from military action. Using force clashes with modern concerns about human rights and risk-avoidance. New forms of media have cut through the more sanitised portrayal of war in the mainstream media, adding to public concern. And politicians, scarred by the unpopularity of recent military actions, noting the grief which every single casualty prompts, are likely to be ever more wary of future warfare.

Within the military too there is change, and friction. New technology is taking armed action further away from old ideas of heroism and codes of conduct. These days lawyers sit in army headquarters challenging military decisions. Many in the military appear frustrated by what they see a lack of popular and political understanding of their role.

In this programme Dr Kenneth Payne, military specialist at King's College London, explores how deep these tensions run, and what they mean for Britain's military future. He asks too whether Britain's experience is different from that of other countries, such as the US. Contributors include distinguished military historian and commentator Hew Strachan, and former soldier and senior politician Lord Ashdown.

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

With future defence under scrutiny Kenneth Payne asks: are we losing the will to wage war?

Producer: Luke Mulhall.

Economic historian Deirdre McCloskey on why poverty matters more than inequality.

Producer: Maire Devine

Could assemblies of ordinary citizens help heal our political divides?

Producer: Lucy Ash.

Has Marine Le Pen succeeded in detoxifying the party founded by her father 40 years ago?

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Will new infrastructure spending help all of Britain prosper, or widen its divides?

What would happen if Britain chose to leave the European Union? Chris Bowlby reports.

Government-ordered assassinations may seem the stuff of spy novels and movie scripts, but they seem to have entered the realm of reality of late. Why do states choose to take this action and can we measure their success? Edward Stourton assesses how various governments -including Israel, Russia, America and the UK - have dabbled in assassination and asks whether it works as a tool of foreign policy.

Producer: Phoebe Keane

But international boycotts can be easily circumvented, and we can choose alternative products if we don't like a particular manufacturer. So is this low risk activism, or is it an effective way for ordinary people to hold businesses and nations to account? Do boycotts ever lead to permanent change?

Above all, do they work? Journalist and writer David Baker investigates.

Presenter: David Baker

Producer: Ravi Naik

Editor: Clare Fordham

Sound Engineer: Nicky Edwards

Production Coordinator: Maria Ogundele

Contributors:

Caroline Heldman Associate Professor of politics at Occidental College, Los Angeles

Stephen Chan Professor of World Politics at SOAS, University of London

Mark Borkowski PR and Crisis Management agent

Rob Harrison Director of Ethical Consumer

Xinrong Zhu Assistant Professor in Marketing at Imperial College London Business School

Richard Wilson Director and co-founder, Stop Funding Hate

Professor Ellis Cashmore sociologist and cultural critic

Ben Jamal Director of the Palestine Solidarity Campaign

Pinar Yildrim Associate Professor of Marketing at the Wharton (Business) School at the University of Pennsylvania

Do boycotts lead to change or are they lazy activism? David Baker investigates

Branwen asks how applicable the results of the study are to British society, where very soon, a minority of births will be to married parents. Professor Emla Fitzsimons has been following the lives of 19,000 children, born across the UK in 2000-01. She reveals what the project, know as The Millennium Cohort Study has found.

Producer: Diane Richardson

Does being born to non-married parents affect a child's prospects in life?

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Innes Bowen

Contributors:

Nick Chater

Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School

Professor Pat Thane

Historian at King's College London

Chris Dillow

Writer on economics and psychology

Angela Knight

Chief Executive of the British Bankers' Association

Tristram Hunt

Historian and Labour MP

Jerker Denrell

Professor of strategy and decision making at Oxford University's Sad Business School

Lord Baker

Former Conservative Home Secretary

Andrew Roberts

Historical and biographical writer.

Michael Blastland explores how far individuals really change what happens in the world.

Lawyer Ann Alexander examines the public inquiries system.

Fran Abrams talks to head teachers, educational experts, the schools minister and the new head of Ofsted as she investigates what difference schools can really make.

Are good schools anything more than schools with a good intake? Fran Abrams investigates.

And yet life in Britain often seems ill-suited to their needs. Being single is expensive and modern dating can be brutal. The idea that being in a couple provides greater happiness and fulfillment still has a tight grip on our collective psyche. So is it right to say that singles get discriminated against? And are there ways we might re-imagine life in Britain so that singles get a fairer deal?

Producer: Ant Adeane

Editor: Clare Fordham

Sound Engineer: Kelly Young

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Sabine Schereck

Contributors:

Amy Key - Poet and Author of Arrangements in Blue: Notes of Love and Making a Life

Sarah Harper - Professor of Gerontology at the University of Oxford

Emma John - Journalist and Author of Self Contained: Scenes from a Single Life

Ben Arogundade - Author of My Terrifying, Shocking, Humiliating, Amazing Adventure in Online Dating

Elyakim Kislev - Professor of Public Policy and Government at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and author of numerous books about single life

Sasha Roseneil - Sociologist and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sussex

Is society stacked against single people? Ant Adeane investigates.

James Tilley asks to what extent our politics is now steeped in cognitive distortion?

We have more women and more ethnic minority MPs than ever before, we have had three women Prime Ministers and our first Prime Minister with an Asian heritage and yet attention has been drawn to the fact that the majority of the current cabinet, unlike the British population, attended private schools. Some have never worked outside of politics. Does this matter? Is personal background and history the most critical factor leading to good political representation? Do the backgrounds of our politicians influence voters' choices at the ballot box? And how do political parties react?

Presenter: Rosie Campbell

Producer: Vicki Broadbent

Editor: Clare Fordham

Should we be on the lookout for 'someone like me' when casting our votes?

The principles of 'Job Design' seem to promise all of these benefits. It's a process of work innovation which focuses on people, their skills, their knowledge and how they interact with each other and technology, in every workplace, in every sector of the economy.

Proponents claim it gives workers a voice in their workplace, allows them to balance their work and home lives, stops burnout and could get more of the economically inactive back in employment. But what evidence is there that it works - and how difficult would it be to implement changes in the workplace?

Presenter: Pauline Mason

Producer: Ravi Naik

Editor: Clare Fordham

Contributors:

Patricia Findlay, Professor of Work and Employment Relations, University of Strathclyde and Director of the Scottish Centre for Employment Research.

Kate Bennett, Labour ward coordinator at Liverpool Women's Hospital.

Damian Grimshaw, Professor of Employment Studies, King's College London, and former head of research at the International Labour Organisation.

Dame Diane Coyle, Bennett Professor, University of Cambridge and a director of the Productivity Institute.

Rachel London, Deputy Chief People Officer at Liverpool Women's Hospital.

Jenna Brimble. Midwife in the continuity of care team at Liverpool Women's Hospital.

Heejung Chung, Professor of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Kent.

Emma Stewart, Flexible working consultant and co-founder, Timewise.

Dr Charlotte Gascoine independent researcher and consultant on flexible and part-time working

Paul Dennett, Mayor of the City of Salford

Jim Liptrot, Managing director, Howorth Air Tech.

Stacey Bridge, Financial accounting assistant, Howorth Air Tech.

Could 'job design' make British workers more productive? Pauline Mason investigates.

The BBC's 'Ethical Man' Justin Rowlatt looks at whether Prof Lovelock is right to be so pessimistic about democratic societies' ability to act in the interests of future generations.

Justin Rowlatt asks if democracies are incapable of tackling climate change.

Producer: Charlotte McDonald.

Social mobility is good for those on the up, but what about those who go down?

Edward Stourton talks to economists and thinkers from around the world to appraise whether there's still a central role for growth in the 21st century.

Presenter: Edward Stourton

Producer: Nathan Gower

Editor: Clare Fordham

Programme Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick-Cross

Sound Engineer: Neva Missirian

Should there be a ceiling for economic growth in developed countries?

This new institution may sound obscure, but it could have big implications. It aims to bring key information on which government economic policy is based much more into the open, and free it from political spin. The man who will head it, Sir Alan Budd, has said he wants to use his influence to 'keep the Chancellor's feet to the fire' in ensuring that the deficit is tackled. The aim is also to make budgets take more account of long term priorities, and future generations, rather than focus only on short term political demands.

So will the deficit crisis mean politicians lose some of their historic power over spending and taxing? Is there public demand for watchdogs like this to 'keep the politicians honest' - or is it a threat to democracy? And how does the British plan compare with other countries' attempts to police government spending?

The programme is presented by Frances Cairncross, and interviewees include Rachel Lomax, former top civil servant and Deputy Governor of the Bank of England.

Frances Cairncross asks if economic management is too important to be left to politicians.

Fran Abrams explores the balance between choice and paternalism in further education.

Snowden holds libertarian - or anti-statist - views. He believes the American government's pervasive surveillance activities which he revealed break the law but are also morally wrong.

In Britain, 'The Guardian' newspaper published the classified information Snowden had obtained. This seemed odd. Editorially, it was not sympathetic to Snowden's anti-state nostrums. But, on privacy grounds, it agreed with him that it was inherently wrong for democratic governments to spy on their citizens online. Furthermore, it argued that governments should not decide for themselves when and how they would do their surveillance.

It is this political alliance between the libertarian right and the liberal left - which are normally opposed to one another - which David Aaronovitch investigates in this programme.

He explores, in a detailed interview with the editor of 'The Guardian', Alan Rusbridger, why the newspaper published the secret information. Are states threatening citizens' privacy in the cyber age? Or is it in fact governments which are more vulnerable than ever before to the unauthorised disclosure of their secrets?

What secrets is the state itself entitled to keep from its citizens and from potential enemies? And who decides that question?the security services, Parliament or the government? Or the press and the whistle-blowers? Alan Rusbridger claims his newspaper can properly adjudicate what should and should not be published about state secrets. But how does he justify that apparently self-serving argument?

Are state secrets doomed by an emerging alliance of the anti-state right and liberal left?

The subsequent clashes between Mr Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood supporters and security forces have proved violent and bloody and the country is once again being governed by the military - but what were the events which closed this short chapter in the fledgling Egyptian democracy?

Christopher de Bellaigue speaks to insiders from across Egypt's political spectrum to reveal the mistakes and power-plays which led to the downfall of the country's first democratically elected president.

Contributors:

Dr Abdul Mawgoud Dardery, former Freedom and Justice Party MP for Luxor.

Dr Hisham Hellyer, associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute (London) and the Brookings Institution (Washington).

Dr Omar Ashour, senior lecturer in Middle East Politics and Security Studies, University of Exeter.

Angy Ghannam, Head of BBC Monitoring, Cairo.

Dr Wael Haddara, former communications adviser to President Mohammed Morsi.

Dr Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh, founder of the Strong Egypt party.

Producer: Richard Fenton-Smith

Editor: Innes Bowen

Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood won at the polls but failed to keep power. What went wrong?

The overthrow of Hosni Mubarak has been described as the Middle East's first 'post-Islamic' revolution: there were no religious slogans or chanting in Tahrir Square and the protestors we saw on television were largely young, seemingly secular liberals. But Islam is likely to play a major role in the development of post-revolution Egypt, with the Muslim Brotherhood the biggest and best organised political force in the country.

Edward Stourton asks what kind of society Egypt's Islamists want to create and explores how they are changing as they form political parties and prepare to contest their first fully democratic elections.

Jo Fidgen interviews Eldar Shafir, professor of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University, and co-author of Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much in front of an audience at the Blavatnik School of Government at Oxford University. Jo will explore the book's key idea: that not having enough money or time, shapes all of our reactions, and ultimately our lives and society.

Producer: Ruth Alexander.

An interview with psychologist Eldar Shafir about the concept of scarcity.

Sonia Sodha focuses on one category of violence - gender-based violence - and assesses the global progress in tackling this issue. Statistics show that most perpetrators - and victims - of violent crime are men. As a result, many violence prevention initiatives have traditionally focused on reducing men's propensity for violence. But how effective is this gender-based approach? And does it provide any clues for the best way to reduce violence in society as a whole?

Presenter: Sonia Sodha

Producer: Dan Hardoon

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Jacqui Johnson

Sound: James Beard

Editor: Hugh Levinson

Is a world without violence possible? Sonia Sodha finds out.

When Analysis looked at the possibility of a Greek exit from the Euro back in February, the topic was regarded as 'thinking the unthinkable'. Not so now.

In this programme Chris Bowlby looks forward and asks if the Eurozone is headed for disintegration or, conversely, even closer political and economic union. What do either of those scenarios mean in practice and can the Eurozone survive? What are the implications for borders, cash movements and who controls the levers of power?

Interviewees include: Lord Peter Mandelson, David Marsh, Ulrike Guerot, Dani Rodrik, Paul Donovan, Brian Lucey and Aristotle Kallis.

Producer: John Murphy.

Where is the eurozone heading? Disintegration or super-state? Chris Bowlby investigates.

But at present, the European project faces huge challenges. Britain is about to leave the EU, whilst Catalonia's bid for independence is causing turmoil in Spain. In the face of such developments, how realistic are the grand visions that Europe's leaders have for the future of the continent?

Producer: Neil Koenig.

How will the European Union change after Britain leaves?

While perhaps just dozens of MPs are publicly calling for a referendum on the UK's EU membership, behind closed doors there are many more closet secessionists: at least 40 per cent of Conservative MPs according to one party insider.

In public I call for renegotiation of the Lisbon treaty. In private I argue for complete withdrawal from the European Union. And there are plenty of others like me,' says one anonymous sceptic.

Edward Stourton asks whether the crisis in the eurozone has emboldened more politicians to speak frankly on their attitudes towards EU membership and talks to supporters of withdrawal from both the left and right wings of British politics.

Producer: Hannah Barnes.

Edward Stourton asks if the political class is catching up with public opinion on the EU.

We may accept, in our personal lives, that 'to err is human'. But, when it comes to politicians, we enjoy pouring scorn on those who make mistakes: we relish the cock-up, the blunder and the humiliating U-turn. But what effect does this bloodthirsty approach have on policy-making?

Michael talks to former cabinet minister Estelle Morris about her experience of dealing with mistakes in government. We also hear from former civil servant Paul Johnson and from David Halpern - a former prime-ministerial advisor who helped create The Institute for Government.

Michael goes in search of inspiration from two professions which, far from seeking to bury mistakes, see them as opportunities to learn. He speaks to surgeon and writer Atul Gawande and he visits RAF Cranwell, where mistakes made by airman are seen as 'clues'. He also talks to philosopher Susan Wolf about blame and 'moral luck' and he interviews the editor of The Spectator magazine, Fraser Nelson.

Michael Blastland explores how different professions deal with failures and mistakes.

Contributors:

Richard Barkey, CEO, Imparta

Roger Bootle, chairman, Capital Economics

Meredith Crowley, reader in international economics at Cambridge university

Jane Foley, head of foreign exchange strategy, Rabobank

Rain Newton-Smith, chief economist, Conferdation of British Industry

Mick Ventola, managing director, Ventola Projects

Producer: Neil Koenig

Contributions from:

Professor Sir Angus Deaton, Eisenhower Professor of Economics and International Affairs Emeritus at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs and the Economics Department at Princeton University.

Maria Popp. Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg.

Professor George Davey Smith, Director of the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol.

Sheena McCormack, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at University College London

Producer: Ben Carter

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Sound Engineer: Graham Puddifoot

The story of how science has been trying to get better at finding things out.

Producer Caroline Bayley

Editor Jasper Corbett

Michael Blastland examines how our collective ignorance affects policy and debate.

Andrew Neather, a former Number 10 speechwriter, recently wrote a much-discussed article in the Evening Standard in praise of multicultural London, but suggesting that those who have influenced immigration policy under Labour were politically-programmed to be relaxed about such numbers. His article was immediately seized upon by anti-immigration campaigners as evidence of a conspiracy to make Britain a more racially diverse society.

In this programme, David Goodhart investigates the truth about reasons for recent increases in migration to Britain. Political insiders, including former home secretary David Blunkett, talk candidly about the real influences behind the scenes. None of them give credence to the accusation that there was a plan to create a more multicultural Britain. An unexpected increase in asylum applications and the demand for cheap labour from employers were the main motivators, according to those who influenced policy. But, admits former Home Office special adviser Ed Owen, a nervousness about discussing immigration policy meant that New Labour was, in its first years in office, poorly prepared to deal with the issue.

We may not have witnessed a grand act of social engineering, concludes David Goodhart, but New Labour's combination of economic liberalism and cultural liberalism led it to regard mass immigration as a trend which would bring great social benefits and few disadvantages.

Interviewees include:

Rt Hon David Blunkett MP, former home secretary

Tim Finch, head of migration, equalities and citizenship, and director of strategic communications at the Institute for Public Policy Research

Andrew Neather, Comment editor at The Evening Standard and former Number 10 speechwriter.

Sir Andrew Green, Migrationwatch

Sarah Spencer, deputy director, Centre on Migration Policy and Society

John Tincey, Immigration Services Union

Ed Owen, former Home Office special adviser

Claude Moraes MEP.

David Goodhart investigates the ideological forces behind mass immigration.

Presenter: Edward Stourton

Producer: Jonathan IAnson

Editor: Clare Fordham

Could Macron's centrist dominance lead France towards a constitutional crisis?

There was unrest across France when President Macron forced through pension reforms this year. But could his centrist dominance lead to greater political turmoil in the future?

But as France's big state looks less affordable, some French intellectuals are arguing that it is time that French identity became less tied to the dirigiste idea. Former BBC Paris Correspondent Emma Jane Kirby travels to France to meet those questioning their country's traditional resistance to economic reform.

Producer: Fiona Leach.

Can France afford its attachment to the big state? Emma Jane Kirby presents.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson

(Photo credit: Getty Images)

Sonia Sodha discovers why freedom of movement is such a key issue in Britain's EU debate.

Journalists Tim Whewell and Nick Sturdee tell the story of how the war has been presented to the Russian people. They explore the myths, lies and truths that have won Vladimir Putin the support he needs to sustain a war effort on whose success his rule and place in history will depend.

Talking to a Russian state TV talk-show host, Russia's most famous war reporter, a singer and so-called ‘Z poet', and volunteer Russian fighters in Ukraine, Analysis investigates how Russians' understanding of and support for the war are forged.

How were Russians persuaded to support a war against their closest neighbour Ukraine?

While President Putin has made no secret of his belief that Ukraine should be part of a `greater Russia`, what is less apparent is how far Russia's influence is spreading in other parts of the world.

These include sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Middle East. With the West having left a vacuum in parts of Africa, President Putin has been able to offer military help in unstable countries such as Mali and the Central African Republic.

This follows Russia's intervention in Syria's civil war on the side of Bashar Al-Assad's government, with implications for the wider geopolitics of the region.

And in Latin America, Russia is accused of using soft power tactics through its media channels to polarise society and spread anti-US and anti-Western propaganda.

Edward Stourton asks to what extent this shows that Russia is trying to rebuild the old Soviet-US spheres of influence of the Cold War.

Producer: Caroline Bayley

Editor: Richard Fenton-Smith

Sound Engineer: James Beard

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick

How Russia exerts its influence across the globe.

Come to think of it now we're virtually cashless, do you even keep money in your pocket?

Maybe you're worried about the growth of government debt during the pandemic you now store your wealth in commodities such as gold or silver? Or maybe you're a fan of another asset class: bitcoin. Are cryptocurrencies the future of money or a giant bubble waiting to burst?

Why are governments and companies such as Facebook so interested in developing their own digital currencies?

Fifty years on from the ‘Nixon Shock', when President Richard Nixon changed global currencies forever by taking the US off the gold standard, the BBC's Ben Chu is on a mission to find out what money means to us today.

Where does its value come from in this increasingly online world? Are we witnessing a revolution in the transfer of value into the metaverse? And how should make sense of this funny money business?

Guests include:

Historian Niall Ferguson

Economist and academic Stephanie Kelton

Investor Daniel Maegaard

Investment strategist Raoul Pal

Financial commentator Peter Schiff

Economist Pavlina Tcherneva

Producer Craig Templeton Smith

Editor Jasper Corbett

Where does money's value come from in this increasingly online world? Ben Chu investigates

Producer: Peter Snowdon.

David Baker asks if too much gentrification is a bad thing?

The speech has been much discussed since - was Mr Scholz referring simply to the fact of the invasion, or to the way Germany needed to respond to it?

The speech contained a number of policy statements, the boldest of which was the commitment to set up a 100 billion Euro fund to re-equip Germany's outdated armed forces.

The question now is whether Germany will live up to Mr Scholz' promises, or will the cultural, political and economic bonds that have tied Germany and Russia together get in the way?

Presenter: Caroline Bayley

Producer: Tim Mansel

How is Germany's long-standing relationship with Russia affecting its response to Ukraine?

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

As angst over European security grows, why is Germany such a reluctant military power?

Contributors:

Dr Eliane Glaser - author of Get Real: How to See Through the Hype, Spin and Lies in Modern Life

Dan Mobley - Corporate Relations Director, Diageo

Saker Nusseibeh - Chief Executive at Hermes Investment

Anand Giridharadas - author of Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World

Kris Brown - president of Brady United, a gun violence prevention organisation

Abas Mirzaei - Professor of Marketing at Macquarie Business School

Doug Stewart - Chief Executive of Green Energy UK

Producer: Ben Carter

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Are businesses serious about getting woke or is it old capitalism with new lipstick on?

President Obama's recent declaration of willingness to fight the banks has pushed the issue of whether taxpayers should bail out so-called casino banking to centre stage in America and across the world. There are growing calls for a British version of an American post-Depression law called the Glass-Steagall Act. In this new banking world there would be retail banks which would look after the needs of ordinary customers and there would be separate investment banks which could play the stock markets without putting depositors' savings at risk.

Former Chancellor Nigel Lawson is now one of the most prominent people calling for a British-style Glass-Steagall. As is Liam Halligan, the chief economist at the investment fund Prosperity Capital Management, who outlines the case for a new separation of banking activities. Another surprising person calling for Glass-Steagall to be resurrected is former Wall Street banker John S Reed. Back in the 1980s and 90s he was one of the people calling for the original law to be repealed. Now he's convinced that some kind of separation is crucial to protect taxpayers from future bank bail-outs.

But critics like Brandon Davies, a former head of retail risk at Barclays Retail, fear that splitting the banks would severely damage the economy. Angela Knight, chief executive of the British Bankers' Association warns that Britain could not take this kind of action alone. Professor John Kay, formerly of Oxford University, the London Business School and the Institute for Fiscal Studies - probably the most prominent academic economist making the Glass-Steagall case - tells the programme why he thinks there is not more political support for the idea of splitting the banks

The experts who say investment banks should face the consequences of their losses.

Should 'Global Britain' try to reassert itself as a major power on the international stage, or would the UK's interests be better served by acting as a broker between larger, or like-minded, countries instead, to help bring about beneficial agreements?

And what effect could the reduction in the overseas development aid budget from 0.7% to 0.5% of Gross National Income have on Britain's 'soft power' abroad, with the deep real-terms cuts to humanitarian and other programmes that this will mean for countries such as Yemen or Malawi?

Presenter: Chris Morris

Producer: Arlene Gregorius

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Post-Brexit, the UK is re-branding itself as 'Global Britain', but what does that mean?

Are Britain's two main political parties now in terminal decline?

But is making things rather than financial innovation really the way to make Britain's economy grow faster? When we have a competitive edge in banking and managing money, should we cast it aside? And why should Britain's economy be the same as that of other countries?

Janan Ganesh of the 'Economist' asks if we should be turning our back on the goose that has laid our golden eggs for so many years. And, with no immediate signs that manufacturing is taking off on a bountiful new trajectory, considers if we should try to understand the City better and how it can assist Britain grow again.

Producer: Simon Coates.

Janan Ganesh asks if ending Britain's focus on financial services will make us richer.

In this edition of Analysis, the writer, Christopher de Bellaigue, considers the consequences for Arab society of a new culture in which ordinary people openly question those in authority - not just in the political sphere but within the family and religious realm too.

The programme explores a number of examples: From an apparent new determination to resist paying bribes to public officials, through a greater desire to see active debate rather than passive obedience in the classroom, to the growth of salafists - conservative Muslims who advocate a return to the core texts of Islam and a less deferential attitude towards the traditional scholars.

Though not all these phenomena were unknown before the Arab Spring, the political revolution does seem to have fuelled their growth: Key to many appears to be the disappearance of personal fear - one unmistakable consequence of the demise of the Mubarak regime. Today, despite often remaining wary of the future, Egyptians are, it seems, fearlessly asserting their own views as never before, without seeking external validation.

Questions, however, remain: If a new, more assertive mentality is indeed emerging, who shares it - and crucially, who does not? Would such an increased personal conviction necessarily result in more pluralism, as is sometimes assumed in the west, or give greater voice to Egypt's innate social and religious conservatism? And what are the chances that it could survive the country's overwhelming economic and political problems?

Producer: Michael Gallagher.

How the Arab Spring has affected the mindset of ordinary people in the Middle East.

Simon Jack investigates whether the UK should be an early adopter of green technology.

In this week's Analysis, Edward Stourton meets Foreign Secretary Hague and explores the map of the new Middle East as seen from London, Washington and Brussels. Amid the talk of massive economic investment, customs unions, and a newfound support for democratic transition, what will really change in terms of Western relations with the Middle East?

The 'Arab Spring' came just as the world began to recover from the 2008 crash -- with oil prices already high. Edward looks at how the economic pressures will shape our policy, and explores divisions within the EU -- with some nations afraid of opening up to the Arab world, while others are pushing for it.

Support for Israel has long been a cornerstone of Western interests in the region, but recent comments by British leaders and the US President about '1967 borders' have left many in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv seething. In the new Middle East, what future do Britain and the US see for Israel and the Palestinians -- and will it change things enough to make a difference?

Western foreign policy on the Middle East has been through massive convulsions -- from die-hard 'realism' that saw close relations with dictators to the 'neo-conservatism' that called for the invasion of Iraq. So what is now driving our new vision for the region?

Investigating Foreign Secretary William Hague's vision for the Arab world.

Presenter: Dharshini David

Producer: Caroline Bayley

Editor: Clare Fordham

Are economic problems holding up the UK's path to net zero?

By turning family values into a political football, are they in denial about the way society has developed this century? For decades, single-person households have been the fastest-growing demographic and younger generations are re-defining romantic commitments and their purpose.

Is the erosion of traditional structure around marriage and family a destructive thing for society, or does it offer the kind of freedom and individual choice denied to previous generations?

Presenter: Zoe Strimpel

Producer: David Reid

Editor: Clare Fordham

Is staying together for the sake of the children a basis for a safe, successful society?

A new generation of Conservatives say that the family should be the preferred unit for child rearing, in all circumstances. But what are the facts about families?

Owen Bennett-Jones asks, what exactly is the Lebanese Shia movement Hezbollah?

Geert Wilders' radical right-wing Party For Freedom (PVV) - which wants to close mosques and ban the Qur'an - will be one of the biggest in the new Dutch parliament. So have its voters - whom Wilders once described as 'Henk and Ingrid', Holland's Mr and Mrs Average - turned their backs on centuries-old Dutch values? Or do they just understand those values in a different way?

Unlike some far-right parties elsewhere in Europe, the PVV has no neo-Nazi roots. It's loud in its support for gay and women's rights. It promotes itself as a strong defender of Holland's Jewish community. Is its ideology just an opportunistic mishmash? Or does it make some sense in a Dutch context? Searching for Henk and Ingrid, Tim Whewell sets off through Dutch 'flyover country' - the totally un-photogenic satellite towns and modern villages that tourists, and Holland's own elite, rarely see.

He asks if the PVV's platform is just thinly disguised racism. Or has it raised important questions about immigration and multiculturalism that other European countries, including the UK, have been scared to ask?

Producer: Helen Grady.

Why is liberal, tolerant Netherlands home to a major anti-immigration, anti-Islamic party?

Producer: Gemma Newby.

Presenter: Paul Johnson

Producer: Farhana Haider

Editor: Claire Fordham

Contributors:

Diane Coyle, Bennett Professor of Public Policy at the University of Cambridge.

Jagjit Chadha, Director of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research

Stephen Evans, Chief Executive of the Learning and Work Institute

Richard Davies, Director of the Economics Observatory

Louise Hellem, Chief economist at the CBI.

Nicholas Macpherson, former Permanent Secretary at the Treasury.

Rowan Crozier, CEO C. Brandauer & Co Ltd

Sam Bowan, Editor of Works in Progress

Is there anything governments can do to get the economy growing again?

After years of poor performance, Paul Johnson of the Institute for Fiscal Studies asks what can any government do to get the economy growing, and make us all better off?

The cost of living crisis followed a decade in which people's wages and incomes barely grew. The idea that each generation does at least as well as the one before, has for the moment ended. We'll only start getting better off again if we can get the economy growing - as it used to in the decades preceding the financial crisis. So, what levers can governments pull to get growth back into the system? Why don't governments do the things that nearly every expert thinks might work? Should we be looking to governments at all? Paul Johnson of the Institute for Fiscal Studies explores the challenges facing the UK economy and asks: how can any government get the UK economy growing?

Helena Merriman tells a story that involves dogged scientific endeavour, the burgeoning green movement of the 1980s and the signing of what has been described as the most successful treaty ever created.

Producers: Lucy Proctor and Hannah Sander.

The story, and lessons, of the international effort to end ozone-destroying chemicals.

BBC Scotland Editor Sarah Smith explores whether the SNP would dare call another vote when there seems little appetite and opinion polls have failed to move as much as Nicola Sturgeon might have expected following the Brexit vote. Sarah talks to strategists and politicians for an insight into how things might be different should a second referendum take place in the near future. She asks whether an independent Scotland would be accepted into the EU and what the future might hold for the first minister should she fail to achieve what she sees as her duty - offering Scotland another chance to gain independence.

Presenter: Sarah Smith

Producer: Ben Carter.

Should we limit reparations to the living survivors of state atrocities, such as the Holocaust, or should we re-write the rulebook to include the ancestors of victims who suffered historical injustices centuries ago?

Alongside testimony from a Holocaust survivor and interviews with lawyers, historians and reparations advocates, Zoe hears about the long shadow cast by slavery - lumbering Caribbean states and societies with a legacy that they are still struggling with today.

Are demands for slavery reparations just another front in the culture war designed to leverage white guilt? Will they inevitably validate countless other claims to rectify historical grievances? Or are they a necessary step for diverse societies to draw in the extremes of a polarised debate so we can write a common history that we can all live with?

Presenter: Zoe Strimpel

Producer: David Reid

Editor: Clare Fordham

Contributors

Mala Tribich, Holocaust survivor.

Michael Newman, Chief Executive, Association of Jewish Refugees.

Albrecht Ritschtl, Professor of Economic History, London School of Economics

Dr. Opal Palmer Adisa, former director, University of West Indies.

Kenneth Feinberg, Master of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund.

Tomiwa Owolade, journalist and author of 'This is not America'.

Alex Renton, journalist, author and co-founder of Heirs of Slavery.

Dr Hardeep Dhillon, historian, University of Pennsylvania.

James Koranyi, Associate Professor of modern European History at the University of Durham.

Zoe Strimpel weighs up the reparation claims for historical injustices like slavery.

Producer: Chloe Hadjimatheou.

From the political Islamic movement founded in colonial India by Syed Abul Ala Mawdudi to the Muslim Brotherhood and al Qaeda, this special edition of Analysis traces the history of mainstream and radical political Islam.

Frank Gardner traces the rise of political Islam over the last century.

Indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPPs) were devised by David Blunkett and the Home Office to reassure voters that those convicted of serious violent and sexual offences would stay in prison until they could show by their changed behaviour that they could safely be released.

But much larger numbers of offenders received the sentences than had been expected and, as the prison population rose, jails struggled to provide the facilities IPP prisoners needed to show that they had reformed. The new sentencing structure, first passed in 2003, had to be drastically changed by Labour in 2008 and finally to be repealed by the coalition four years after that.

Jacqui Smith discovers the reasons why the change in sentencing was embarked upon, why its potential flaws weren't detected before its introduction and why the policy was maintained even as problems mounted. She considers the difficult legacy of IPPs - for those still in prison and for politicians devising shiny new initiatives in other fields of government.

Among those taking part: David Blunkett, Kenneth Clarke, Lord Judge, Professor Nick Hardwick.

Producer: Simon Coates.

Jacqui Smith reveals why one of New Labour's most cherished sentencing reforms failed.

Presenter: Jack Stilgoe

Producer: Philip Reevell

Editor: Clare Fordham

AI can't kill us, so why are imaginary threats being taken so seriously?

Terminator-style threats from AI do not currently exist, so why is money and political heft being thrown at a problem that isn't real?

Presenter: David Baker

Producer: Dan Hardoon

Editor: Clare Fordham

What can Middlesbrough teach us about regeneration?

David Baker explores what Middlesbrough can teach us about the regeneration of small towns.

Presenter: Matt Qvortrup

Producer: Bob Howard

Editor: Clare Fordham

How governments manipulate the law and bureaucracy to take democracies apart.

How modern democracies aren't taken apart by strong-arm tactics or military coups, but by quiet, insidious methods to consolidate the power of authoritarian leaders.

Producer: Bob Howard

Rosie Campbell, Professor of Politics at Birkbeck University, sets out to become a rational voter. Class and religion have a huge impact. But our political views have become less polarised even as the parties have moved further apart. Rosie asks whether discussions of 'left' and 'right' have become irrelevant. In a neuropolitics lab Rosie undergoes tests to uncover her implicit biases. She learns that hope and anger make her want to vote - but blind her to the truth.

Producer: Hannah Sander.

Rosie Campbell examines the bias that voters bring to the ballot box.

Professor Rosie Campbell from Birkbeck University finds out what prompts voters to shift from one party to another. Quentin Davies had been a Tory MP for decades when he crossed the floor of the house. He believes his views stayed the same - but the world changed around him. Journalist Janet Daley was once too left wing for the Labour Party - until Margaret Thatcher came along. Meanwhile Daryll Pitcher felt as though no party wanted his vote. Today he is a UKIP campaign manager.

Does age make us become more right wing? Have the main political parties alienated their core vote? And what does this mean for democracy?

Producer: Hannah Sander.

Producer: Rob Walker

Editor: Clare Fordham

Researcher: Ben Cooper

Studio Manager: James Beard

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick-Cross

With special thanks to Kerry Allen.

(Photo: Chinese President Xi Jinping attends the art performance celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China in 2021. Credit: Lintao Zhang/Getty Images)

How China's Xi Jinping took control of his party and his country.

At its most extreme, this way of thinking leads to eco-fascism, the belief the harm humans do to Earth can be reduced by cutting the number of non-white people.

But the mainstream green movement is also challenged by a less hateful form of this mentality known as ‘doomism' - a creeping sense that humans will inevitably cause ecological disaster, that it's too late to act and that technological solutions only offer more environmental degradation through mining and habitat loss.

What vision can environmentalists offer as an antidote to these depressing ideas? And how can green politics encourage radical thinking without opening the door to hateful ideologies?

Producer/Presenter: Lucy Proctor

Editor: Jasper Corbett

What the 'we are the virus' meme tells us about green politics.

A description by some future historian looking back at Britain after Brexit? No - it is how the late French President Jacques Chirac described the so-called - ?Dreyfus Affair - ?, which shook France from top to bottom a century ago.

Alfred Dreyfus was a Jewish army officer who was convicted on false charges of passing military secrets to the Germans. He spent several years in prison on Devil's Island, and was only released and exonerated after a long campaign led by eminent figures such Emile Zola.

Although the circumstances of the Dreyfus affair are very different to those surrounding Brexit, there are certain parallels - ? for example, the way that people came to identify themselves as either Dreyfusards or anti-Dreyfusards.

The Dreyfus affair and its aftermath convulsed France for decades, with French society split down the middle about whether Dreyfus was guilty or innocent.

How important are societal divides like these?  Should they be allowed to run their natural course - or should steps be taken to encourage - ?healing - ?, as Boris Johnson recently urged?

In this edition of Analysis, Professor Anand Menon, Director of the UK in a Changing Europe, looks back at the Dreyfus affair, and asks what lessons we can learn - and whether they can help us better understand what is happening in Britain as the country faces up to the reality of Brexit, and the coronavirus crisis.

Contributors:

Alastair Campbell, former Downing Street press secretary to Tony Blair

Ruth Harris, Professor of Modern European History, University of Oxford

Margaret MacMillan, emeritus Professor of International History, University of Oxford

Philippe Oriol, historian and author of - ?The False Friend of Captain Dreyfus - ?

Paula Surridge, Senior Lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies at Bristol University

Nick Timothy, former joint chief of staff at 10 Downing Street

Anthony Wells, Head of Research, YouGov

Translation of extract from - ?J'Accuse - ¦! - ? by Emile Zola, by Shelley Temchin and Jean-Max Guieu, Georgetown University.

Presenter: Professor Anand Menon

Producer: Neil Koenig

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Can divided societies heal? Lessons from the Dreyfus Affair, which split France in two.

Producer: Ben Carter.

David Edmonds asks if we are unconsciously harbouring racist and sexist attitudes.

In America, there's a growing realisation that the old economic model, based on every city aiming for 'a Starbucks, stadia and stealing business,' has failed to revive urban economies. But now cities such as Denver, Colorado -- once famous for the oil money that inspired the soap opera Dynasty -- have turned a corner. This 'Metropolitan Revolution' was led by local mayors who ripped up the old administrative boundaries and did creative things to diversify the economy and create jobs, such as building a vast new airports and offering incentives to hi-tech start-ups.

For this week's edition of Analysis, Matthew Taylor, chief executive of the RSA and a former insider in Downing Street under Tony Blair, sets out to see if these new ideas could hold answers for Britain's long term economic future. Cities are where the modern global economy happens, but ever since the decline of heavy industry, Britain's northern cities have performed below the national average. Now, key national and local figures, from Lord Michael Heseltine to Bristol's new Mayor George Ferguson, famous for his red trousers, are pinning their hopes for an economic revival on giving greater economic powers to city halls.

Speaking to a wide range of voices from both sides of the Atlantic, and combining wit with insights from urban geography, history and economics, Matthew asks: could Britain's great cities be the key to us all turning the economic corner?

Producer: Mukul Devichand.

Matthew Taylor looks at the grassroots economic revolution being led by big cities.

Targets, once seen by New Labour as the key to improving public services, look as if they may be on the way out. The devolved health services of Wales and Scotland have already retreated from their previous target regimes, the Conservative Party has pledged to scrap them in England and there are signs that some of Gordon Brown's ministers are losing faith in them, too.

Why then does Michael believe that there is still a case for targets?

As NHS targets fall out of political fashion, Michael Blastland argues in their favour.

Discussions tend to dissolve into rows about levels of tax but in this programme Jo Fidgen explores the values and intuitions that underpin our strength of feeling.

Producer: Joe Kent.

Jo Fidgen asks why inheritance arouses such powerful emotions.

When the Coalition came to power in 2010, welfare - not including pensions - was costing the country nearly £100 billion a year. Iain Duncan Smith, the secretary of state for work and pensions, was given the task of making work pay and - in so doing - taking millions of people off benefit and saving the country billions.

Influential figures from parliament, the civil service and one of Iain Duncan Smith's closest advisers offer revealing accounts of what's been happening during those past 4 years.

Economist Jonathan Portes asks whether these changes are a vital strategy to stem a welfare system spiralling out of control or - as some argue - nothing short of a fiasco, which has caused genuine hardship?

Producer: Adele Armstrong.

How well has the government implemented its controversial welfare reforms?

From at least the time of Catholic Emancipation in the 1820s, political, social, cultural and economic issues on the island of Ireland have influenced and shaped politics at Westminster. The point is that MPs and others at Westminster have seldom appreciated this and therefore underestimated the power of that history to affect the course of a contemporary issue like Brexit.

Looking at a range of issues from Emancipation, the 1840s Irish potato famine, Catholic clerical education, the campaign for Home Rule leading ultimately to the War of Irish Independence in the twentieth century and the bloody establishment of the Irish Free State, as well as the Troubles and the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Edward Stourton explores the way in which issues in Ireland have determined British politics. He considers especially what lessons these episodes may hold for today's Westminster politicians and how to imagine the Anglo-Irish future.

Among those taking part: Lady Antonia Fraser, Professor The Lord Bew, Professor Sir David Cannadine, Professor Roy Foster, Professor Marianne Elliott, Fintan O'Toole and Declan Kiberd.

Producer: Simon Coates

Have British politics been more shaped by Irish history than most MPs are ready to admit?

A decade of tax cuts and increased public spending took the United States from an era of budget surpluses to one of growing deficits. The Congressional Budget Office predicts that federal debt could reach 90 per cent of GDP within a decade. The nation's partisan political culture, argue some, means its leaders are incapable of taking the necessary action to avert financial disaster and a loss of international influence.

Justin Webb examines the consequences of failing to deal with the growing debt and looks for any signs that the United States might start to tackle its problems before it is too late.

Interviewees include Diane Coyle, David Frum, Richard Haass, Jeffrey Sachs and Anne Applebaum.

Producer: Bill Law.

Justin Webb asks whether the United States is capable of averting economic meltdown.

With the help of leading historians, political activists and scientists, Zoe examines whether Britain's obsession with the glories of 'our finest hour': WWII determined a version of history that eclipsed inconvenient truths that contradict our national myths and identity. She asks whether Britain's 'long island story' has really been as unruptured and stable as commonly believed, revealing a much more compelling Britishness forged out of military conflict abroad and religious and political turmoil at home.

Does the secret to Britain's historical dynamism in scientific discovery, philosophy and culture reside in dissent from religious and political orthodoxy, rather than unstinting allegiance? Has the hidden history of religious noncomformity - a rebellion within a rebellion - been the hothouse encouraging creative genius to flourish?

Zoe meets the modern-day heirs to noncomformity to examine how Britain's unwillingness to put culture at the heart of our holdall national identity has led to tolerance and cultural diversity on the one hand, but also an acceptance of inequality. This might be the cause of our lost sense of who we are and what Britain is now for; perhaps we need to learn from and incorporate our unexamined history to shake off self-loathing, embrace eccentricity and regain the creative dynamism we now lack.

Presenter: Zoe Strimpel

Producer: David Reid

Editor: Clare Fordham

Zoe Strimpel finds the roots for Britain's dynamism, diversity and culture wars.

the newborns. In the UK the numbers of children born through surrogacy are still relatively small but they're expected to rise, not just because of medical infertility but also as more gay male couples and single men look to have their own biological children. For some surrogacy is extremely contentious, for others it's life changing. Sonia Sodha asks whether surrogacy is the ultimate commercialisation of a woman's body or whether it's the greatest gift a woman can give.

Producer Caroline Bayley

Editor Clare Fordham

Sound Engineer: Rod Farquhar

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick-Cross

Is surrogacy the commercialisation of a woman's body or the greatest gift she can give?

Some internet evangelists compare the web to the Wild West, a territory full of exciting opportunity that will lose its character and potential if it's brought under the rule of law. Others insist that the web is too disruptive to established institutions and practices and must be tamed. So, what do we want from the next 25 years of the internet? And how can we go about getting it?

Producer: Luke Mulhall.

The world wide web is 25 years old. What do we want from its next 25 years?

Virtually all of them have been rejected by the people they describe, but is there still value in a collective term for Britain's ethnic minorities? Mobeen Azhar hears stories of solidarity and schism between different groups in modern Britain to find out whether any sense of unity still exists and whether we need a new label.

Contributors:

Clive Lewis, MP for Norwich South

Asad Rehman, Executive Director, War on Want

Professor Jason Arday, Professor of Sociology of Education, University of Glasgow

Ada Akpala, writer and podcaster

Dr Rakib Ehsan, research analyst specialising in social integration and community relations

Dr Lisa Palmer, Deputy Director of the Stephen Lawrence Research Centre, De Montfort University

Sunder Katwala, Director, British Future

Presenter: Mobeen Azhar

Producer: Dan Hardoon

Editor: Clare Fordham

Sound Engineer: Rod Farquhar

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick-Cross

Mobeen Azhar asks what's next after 'political blackness' and 'BAME'?

Presenter: Professor Alison Wolf

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Richard Vadon.

As the gap grows between English north and south, is regional policy a waste of time?

Producer: Arlene Gregorius.

Why it could be counter-productive to hire by talent, and what to look for instead.

James Ball, author of 'The System - Who Owns the Internet, and How It Owns Us', examines whether the infrastructure of the internet is up to scratch. If it's not, then what does that mean for us?

Producer: Ant Adeane

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Is the infrastructure of the internet up to scratch?

Edward Stourton examines the Pope's critique of the free market system and explores the origins of his thinking in Latin America and in Catholic Social Teaching. Is Pope Francis, as his critics claim, dragging his church to the Left and promoting a Marxist branch of liberation theology? And what does his insistence on seeing the world through the eyes of the poor mean for modern notions of charity?

We hear from the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster, Vincent Nichols; corporate lawyer turned Catholic priest, Fr Augusto Zampini Davies; Chief Economist at The Heritage Foundation (a free market think tank based in Washington), Stephen Moore; Professor or Finance, Public Policy and Ethics at St Mary's University, Twickenham and Programme Director at the Institute for Economic Affairs, Philip Booth; Labour Peer Maurice Glasman; and Austen Ivereigh, author of The Great Reformer - Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope.

Producer: Helen Grady

Photo Credit: Tim Widden.

Is Pope Francis a communist, as some of his critics claim? Edward Stourton investigates.

Today, inflation is once again rising and growth is forecast to slow considerably and economists predict that the UK could suffer a greater hit to living standards next year than any other major European country.

BBC economics correspondent Dharshini David asks just how hard the times ahead will be and how might we find a cure to avoid the mantle of 'sick man of Europe' once more?

Producer: Caroline Bayley

Editor: Richard Fenton - Smith

Sound Engineer: Rod Farquhar

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick-Cross

Why is the UK's economy falling behind its European neighbours and what is the cure?

Author Matthew Goodwin calls them a group of `radical woke middle-class liberals completely out of step with the public`. University graduates working in creative industries, media and universities, who have an heavy influence over the national conversation about things like immigration, trans rights and sex education, but critics say they don't represent `ordinary folk`, and as a result communities are feeling unrepresented and left behind.

So who is in charge, or is there an unlikely, and unknowing, coalition between the two - the new elite dominating social discourse and cultural discussion, whilst the traditional elite pull the strings of politics and economics?

This is the next chapter of the culture wars - but while the pair of them battle it out for supremacy, much of the country struggles on day-to-day watching from the side lines.

Presenter: Neil Maggs

Producer: Jonathan IAnson

Editor: Clare Fordham

Contributors

Matt Goodwin, Professor of Politics, University of Kent and author 'Values, Voice and Virtue'.

George Monbiot, Author, journalist and environmental campaigner

Dr Lisa McKenzie, research fellow, University of Durham, writer and anarchist

Bob & Lee, builders

Dr Rakib Ehsan, Social policy analyst and author 'Beyond Grievance

Baroness Tina Stowell of Beeston

Paul Embery, Firefighter, trade unionist and writer

Tom, boxing club owner

Aaron Bastani, Broadcaster and founder of Novara Media

Who's really in charge? A new progressive elite, or the rich, privileged born-to-rule?

Interviewees:

Dr Melanie Lührmann, Senior Lecturer, Royal Holloway

Professor Alexi Marmot, architect, UCL

Professor Andre Spicer, Cass Business School

Professor Mike Kelly, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University

Producers: Estelle Doyle, Phoebe Keane and Smita Patel.

Michael Blastland asks if desk-bound work is making us obese.

Producer: Sue Davies.

The impact of the Arab Spring on the global reach of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Producer: Jim Frank

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Why aren't The Greens more popular?

In the past ten years, there have been a string of organizational failures - from BP to the banks, from the Catholic Church to Rotherham. In each instance, hundreds, even thousands of people could see what was going on but acted as though they were blind. Silence ensured the problems continued and allowed them to grow.

The conditions that create the phenomenon called 'wilful blindness' are pervasive across institutions, both public and private. Wherever there have been cases of organisational failure you typically find individuals who are over-stretched, distracted and exhausted. They cannot see because they cannot think.

Businesswoman and writer Margaret Heffernan argues that the solution is a 'just culture'; which means organizations that encourage people to speak up early and often when things go adrift, without fear of being silenced.

Contributors:

Alexis Jay, author of the report into child sexual exploitation in Rotherham

Ben Alcott, Head of Safety at the Civil Aviation Authority

Helene Donnelly, Cultural Ambassador, Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent NHS Trust

Bill McAleer, a former safety auditor for General Motors

Philip Zimbardo, the psychologist behind the famous Stanford Prison experiment

Producer: Gemma Newby.

Margaret Heffernan explores why big organisations so often make big mistakes.

Interviewees include:

Matthew Hancock MP, Minister for Skills and co-author of Masters of Nothing.

Luigi Zingales, author of Capitalism for the People: Recapturing the Lost Genius of American Prosperity and a professor at Chicago Booth School of Business.

Producer: Helen Grady.

Jamie Whyte defends free market ideas in apparently troubled times for capitalism.

Many meat eaters believe animal suffering should be avoided. They buy higher welfare products or free range eggs and hope the animal they plan to eat has had a good life and a painless death. But if animal suffering matters, surely animal death does too?

Omnivorous Jo Fidgen explores the ethics of killing cows for food. She discusses cow psychology, fart spray and cannibalism with leading philosophers like Peter Singer and Jeff MacMahan. And she tests her own intuitions about meat eating as she looks a bullock in the eye before picking up some of his his minced and butchered body a few weeks later. And eating it.

While on this ethical journey Jo confronts big questions about where morals come from, what is bad about killing humans and how we decide what beings are worthy of our moral attention.

Producer: Lucy Proctor.

Jo Fidgen asks if killing cows for food can be morally justified.

As supreme Governor of the Church of England, congregation numbers are falling and divisions are deepening over its stance on gay marriage.

The union is under threat - what would the monarchy mean if Scotland votes for independence and Northern Ireland joins the Republic?

Commonwealth countries from the Caribbean to the Pacific are asking whether it still makes sense to keep a king in London as their head of state.

The coronation will be a grand reminder of our history, but hanging over everything is a dark chapter in that history; the monarchy's role in the slave trade. If the King is to represent all his subjects, does he need to say sorry? And what about reparations?

Edward Stourton will unravel the challenges and ask how the King meets them.

Presenter: Edward Stourton

Producer: Jonathan IAnson

Editor: Clare Fordham

As the coronation approaches, we ask what the future holds for the monarchy and its king.

Through interviews with psychologists, intelligence officers, whistleblowers and academics, he explores the importance of institutional and personal secrecy, and asks what happens when these two areas overlap, or even collide.

Martin Bright asks if the truth is really always desirable and in the public interest.

It was a Labour government which decided to make Britain a nuclear power. 'We've got to have this thing, whatever it costs. We've got to have a bloody Union Jack on top of it,' declared Ernest Bevin, Foreign Secretary in the postwar Labour government. Ever since that decision in 1946, the question of whether to keep 'the bomb' has divided the party between those who believe it is the cornerstone of Britain's defence policy within NATO and others who have long campaigned to rid the world of nuclear weapons. Twice before in Opposition the party has opted for unilateral disarmament, only for the policy to be reversed after a period of acrimonious debate and electoral defeat.

In this programme, the veteran political reporter John Sergeant examines Labour's troubled relationship with the bomb. Former party leader Neil Kinnock and other senior figures reflect on how the party discarded unilateralism in the late 1980s and offer advice on what lessons can be learned. Can Jeremy Corbyn overcome opposition with the Parliamentary Labour Party to changing the official policy of multilateral disarmament? Does his recent suggestion of maintaining submarines without nuclear missiles satisfy those who want Britain to disarm come what may?

Producer: Peter Snowdon.

Why has Britain's nuclear deterrent been such a difficult issue for the Labour Party?

Edward Stourton talks to leading figures in Labour's policy debate and finds out what rethinking is going on behind the scenes.

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

Edward Stourton asks if Labour should re-evaluate its attitude to the EU.

'I will not cease from mental fight, Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand, Till we have built Jerusalem, In England's green and pleasant land.'

But some leading Labour Party figures no longer believe in the top down model that was meant to make real that vision of a 'new Jerusalem'. Mukul Devichand hears from leading Labour Party figures who want a radical new welfare settlement, saying the state itself is to blame for society's ills as much as the market.

This new cadre of Labour thinkers is known as 'Blue Labour'. Two years ago we made a programme about them. Then they were worried about the impact of immigration on blue collar communities.

Now they are part of Labour's inner circle: academic Maurice Glasman has been elevated to the House of Lords; Jon Cruddas MP is in charge of writing the party's manifesto; and Ed Miliband's widely applauded 'One Nation' conference speech last year was written by 'Blue Labour' godfather Marc Stears.

The post war welfare settlement, according to Lord Glasman, represented the triumph of those who believed that government could solve social problems. That victory, says Glasman, came at a price: 'A labour movement that was active and alive in the lives of people became exclusively concerned with what the state was going to do.

The alternative, according to Blue Labour thinkers, is welfare delivered at local level rather than by a centralised state; and a benefits system that prioritises those who contribute over those who do not. 'The key concept we use is incentive to virtue,' Lord Glasman tells Mukul Devichand, 'so we have to be judgemental.

Producer: Fiona Leach

Interviewees include:

Labour Peer

Sir Robin Wales

Labour Mayor of Newham

Jeremy Cliffe

Britain Politics Correspondent, The Economist

Polly Toynbee

Guardian Columnist

Andrew Harrop

General Secretary, The Fabian Society.

Leading Labour figures urge a radical policy - dismantling the top-down welfare state.

There is no doubt that it has captured the policy zeitgeist. A whole programme of public lectures, seminars and events is rolling out to feed the demand for more information. Business people, academics and players from both Left and Right are attending, looking for an ethical alternative for our time.

So exactly what do its core principles, which include ideas like 'solidarity', 'subsidiarity', and the 'common good', offer practising Labour party politicians which they cannot find elsewhere? Jon Cruddas, currently responsible for the Labour Party's policy review, and Labour Peer Maurice Glasman, say they find Catholic Social Teaching 'inspirational'. On the Right, free marketers like Professor Philip Booth of the IEA, also point to its prescience. Is this more than a political fad? And will political enthusiasts for Catholic Social Teaching inevitably be forced to engage with issues such as abortion and euthanasia?

Presenter: Matthew Taylor

Producer: Sue Davies

Editor: Nicola Meyrick.

Matthew Taylor examines Labour's interest in Catholic social teaching.

Presenter: Sandra Kanthal

Producer: Sandra Kanthal

Editor: Clare Fordham

What are the lessons from the success of the UK's Vaccine Task Force?

Producer: Helen Grady

Data research: Professor Christina Beatty from the Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research at Sheffield Hallam University

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Anand Menon returns to his home city to road test plans to level up the UK economy.

Western media have been keeping a close eye on Libya's governing National Transitional Council, and there have been warnings about splits between Islamists and secularists, and about Libya's tribal society. But, as Hugh Miles discovers, amongst Libya's new ruling class there is broad consensus about support for one ideology: capitalism.

Gaddafi's idiosyncratic economic and political philosophy fused elements of socialism and Islam. The suppression of free markets was at times taken to bizarre extremes with, at one point, the banning of the entire retail sector. Support for capitalism is perhaps a reaction to the years in which entrepreneurship was suppressed.

Hugh Miles looks at the background of the new rulers and asks how Libyan Islamic capitalism might work.

Hugh Miles finds out more about Libya's new Islamic capitalism.

Producer: Leo Hornak.

Jo Fidgen asks if we should use chance to solve difficult political dilemmas.

Elaine Moore is a tech columnist at the Financial Times and she's interested in the ramifications of this new technology. Thanks to artificial intelligence, cloning a human voice can be achieved with just a few minutes of recorded audio. As the technology becomes more sophisticated and its use more widespread, how will this affect our society, our politics and our personal interactions? And is it time we were able to control what happens to our own voice both now and when we die?

With contributions from:

Carlton Daniel, lawyer at Squire Patton Boggs.

Tom Lee, co-founder of LOVO.

David Leslie, Ethics Theme Lead at the Alan Turing Institute.

Rupal Patel, founder & CEO of VocaliD.

Tim McSmythurs, AI Researcher and creator of Speaking AI.

James Vlahos, co-founder of HereAfter AI.

Producer: Craig Templeton Smith

Editor: Jasper Corbett

As voice cloning technology advances how might it affect society and politics?

But what does this change mean for how we choose whom to date?

Shahidha Bari, author and academic at Queen Mary University of London, examines the changing landscape of modern love - its dating apps, its politics of sexual preference - and ultimately tries to answer the age-old question: what does Love Island tell us about love?

Producer: Ant Adeane

Shahidha Bari explores the changing landscape of modern love.

We live in a new era of conflict, where states try to achieve their aims through aggressive measures that stay below the threshold of war. This is a strategy of statecraft with a long history, but which has a new inflection in our technologically charged, globalised world.

Now a mix of cyber, corruption and disinformation is employed to mess with adversaries. China's president, Xi Jinping, has referred to political influence activities as being one of the Chinese Communist Party's 'magic weapons'.

In this edition of Analysis, Peter Pomerantsev looks at how political warfare works in a world where we're all economically entangled - and what Britain could and should do to adapt.

Producer: Ant Adeane

Editor: Jasper Corbett

What is political warfare and what should we do about it?

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Why better maintenance is one of the most urgent and creative challenges we face.

Yet politicians talk continually about the need to rebalance the economy away from services. Linda Yueh finds this puzzling. As with other advanced economies, services comprise a very large proportion of our output - around three-quarters of the economy - and yet we spend a great deal of time worrying about a far smaller and long declining part of it: manufacturing.

It is understandable to want to reduce our deficit in goods, says Linda. But while we try to do that, she argues, we should also try to understand more about the reasons for our success in services - and how to maintain and augment it. In this edition of 'Analysis', she finds out why it is difficult to make invisibles visible and why it is important for our future growth and wealth that we do.

Along the way, she discovers how innovation in services is distinctive, why services firms invest heavily in their staff and why the popular enthusiasm for bashing bankers is misguided. We have to start loving the people we hate, Linda argues. And by making the invisible sector more visible, she says, we can make that process easier and more credible.

Producer: Simon Coates.

Linda Yueh asks why, when services dominate the UK economy, we seem uninterested in them.

Successive governments have prioritised widening access to higher education to try to drive social mobility, without giving much thought to the impact this has on the expectations of young people who, for whatever reason, are not going to take that path.

But even in a knowledge-based economy, the most basic jobs survive. Offices still need to be cleaned, supermarket shelves stacked, and care home residents looked after.

The best employers know how to design these jobs to make them more satisfying. Are politicians finally waking up to the problem?

Contributors in order of appearance:

Caroline Lloyd, professor and industrial relations specialist at the University of Cardiff

Donna Braithwaite, supermarket worker

Bill Mumford, chief executive of care charity MacIntyre

Geoff Dench, sociologist and founder of the charity Men for Tomorrow.

Sir Peter Lampl, founder of the Sutton Trust

Andrew Oswald, professor of economics at the University of Warwick

Josie Zerafa, cashier at Iceland supermarket

Tracey Vella, cashier at Iceland supermarket

Sandra McNamara, store manager at Iceland supermarket

Producer: Ruth Alexander.

David Goodhart asks whether too much stress on social mobility has demeaned ordinary jobs.

The financial crisis which has unfolded since 2008 marks more than an economic downturn, according to Prof Castells. The problems which caused the crisis are so deep rooted that they have provoked a profound reassessment of our economic beliefs and institutions. They have also given rise to social movements such as Occupy and alternative economic cultures opposed to financial capitalism. These ideas are explored in 'Aftermath: The Cultures of the Economic Crisis', a book edited by Prof Castells.

Manuel Castells is Professor of Sociology, and Director of the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), in Barcelona. He is also University Professor and the Wallis Annenberg Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Society at the Annenberg School of Communication, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

Paul Mason is the Economics Editor of BBC 2's Newsnight programme. His books include Meltdown: The End of the Age of Greed; and Why It's Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions.

The hashtag for this event is #LSECastells.

Prof Manuel Castells on the rise of new economic cultures since the financial crisis.

Financial commentator Martin Wolf assesses what the future may hold for the global economy

Guests:

Rod MacKenzie, Chief Development Officer, Pfizer

Nuala Murphy, President Clinical Research Services, Icon

Professor Sir Martin Landray, Co-Chief Investigator, RECOVERY Trial

Nicholas Jackson, Head of Programmes and Technology, CEPI

Christian Schneider, Interim Chief Scientific Officer, MHRA

Hilda Bastian, Independent Scientist

Producer and Presenter Sandra Kanthal

Editor Jasper Corbett

Has the pandemic enabled us to accelerate the pace of drug development?

Producer: Nina Robinson.

Robin Aitken explores the continuing appeal of the ideas of Karl Marx.

Producer: Katy Hickman.

Lucy Ash explores maskirovka, the Russia strategy of military deception.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Politicians love talking about families. But do they understand modern family life?

Producer: Sally Abrahams.

What should we eat? An interview with author Michael Pollan about what food is and is not.

Contributors, in order of appearance:

Aref Ali Nayed, Islamic theologian and Libyan ambassador to the United Arab Emirates.

Khaled Fahmy, professor of history at the American University in Cairo.

Marina Ottaway, senior associate of the Middle East programme at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Fawaz Gerges, Professor of Middle Eastern Politics and International Relations at the London School of Economics.

Timur Kuran, Gorter Family Professor of Islamic Studies at Duke University.

Eugene Rogan, lecturer in the modern history of the Middle East and fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford.

The Right Hon. Sir Paddy Ashdown, former UN High Representative to Bosnia.

Khalifa Shakreen, lecturer in the Economics and Political Science department at Tripoli University.

(Producer: Ruth Alexander).

Edward Stourton explores the prospects for post-revolution government in the Arab world.

Deborah Denno, professor of law at Fordham University in New York

Steven J Laken, president and CEO, Cephos Corp

Professor Hank Greeley, director, Center for Law and the Biosciences at Stanford University in California

Ray Tallis, philosopher and doctor

Rt Hon Iain Duncan Smith MP, chairman of the Centre for Social Justice

Professor Julian Savulescu, director of the Wellcome Centre for Neuroethics at Oxford University

Professor Geraint Rees, director of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College, London

Paul Root Wolpe, Asa Griggs Candler professor of bioethics at Emory University in Atlanta.

What if science could read people's thoughts and intentions? Kenan Malik investigates.

Producer: Kate Lamble.

Paul Johnson asks if the policy's success has led to politicians stretching it too far.

Contribuors: Professor Rebecca Ryan, Professor Matthias Doepke, Frederick De Moll and Jan Macvarish.

Producer: Rosamund Jones

Editor: Jasper Corbett

More time and money is being spent on children than ever before. Why?

Sonia Sodha is chief leader writer of The Observer and a former Labour party aide.

Sonia Sodha explores how two of the UK's most multicultural places are managing diversity.

David Walker examines the prime minister's proposals for 'muscular liberalism'.

Ben Hammersley investigates the predictive genetics industry.

Producer: Stuart Hughes

Editor: Jasper Corbett

NATO won the first Cold War, but could it lose the second?

Featuring contributions from:

Jonathan Aitken, former MP and prison inmate

Professor Andrew Coyle, Professor of Prison Studies

Baroness Corston, author of the Corston report on women's prisons

Frances Crook, Director, Howard League for Penal Reform

David Hanson MP, prisons minister

Kenny MacAskill MSP, Scottish cabinet secretary for justice

Ex-offenders from the Open Book Project, Goldsmith's College.

Richard Weight asks why prison policy is so difficult to unlock and if anyone has the key.

Contributors include:

Roger Scruton, philosopher and writer

Quentin Skinner, professor of the humanities & expert on modern political thought

Tim Harford, the Financial Times Undercover Economist and presenter of More or Less on Radio 4

George Klosko, political philosopher

Alex Bentley, anthropologist

Carol Hedderman, criminologist

Producer: Simon Coates.

Ask not why people riot, but why they obey the law. Jamie Whyte examines civil obedience.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson

Northern Ireland could soon face a huge decision - whether to leave the UK.

Nudge theory appealed to our better selves and to our politicians. The book's ideas were taken up by those inside government in Britain and the US.

One of the book's authors, Cass Sunstein, answers questions from an audience at the Institute for Government in London and tells presenter Edward Stourton how well he thinks his theories are working in practice.

Producer: Rosamund Jones.

How well have politicians' attempts to 'nudge' us into doing what they want worked?

Interviewees include:

Bruce Riedel, former adviser on foreign policy to Barack Obama

Ann Marie Slaughter, former Director of Policy Planning for the U.S. State Department under Barack Obama

Daniel Drezner, Professor of International Politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University

James Fallows, The Atlantic magazine

Gregory Johnsen, Near East Studies Scholar, Princeton University

Jameel Jaffer, lawyer at the American Civil Liberties Union

Presenter: Mukul Devichand

Producer: Richard Knight.

Mukul Devichand asks what President Obama has actually achieved on the world stage.

During his campaign to become commander-in-chief, Barack Obama pledged to adapt 'US military capabilities for current, not Cold War, needs'. Mark looks at whether the 'small war' strategists, those promoting 'non-kinetic' approaches such as better intelligence gathering and nation building are going to win out over the traditionalists who believe that the defence of America still lies in investing billions of dollars in planes, tanks and ships.

Producer: Lucy Proctor.

What has governed President Obama's foreign policy?

Featuring contributions from X-Factor star Honey G, black lesbian punk rockers Big Joanie and RuPaul's Drag Race contestant Charlie Hides

Producer: Tim Mansel.

Taking offence on social media: over-sensitivity or a force for progress?

Producer: Adam Bowen

Over the last two decades a controversial psychological concept has emerged to describe a situation where children - for no apparent reason - decide they don't want to see one parent. It's called parental alienation.

Women's rights organisations argue parental alienation is used to gaslight abused women. Fathers' rights organisations claim that some mothers make up allegations of abuse to prevent them from seeing their children. And children are caught in the middle.

Sonia Sodha explores the polarizing concept of `parental alienation` and asks how a contested psychological theory has evolved into an increasingly common allegation in the UK family courts.

Producer: Gemma Newby

Sonia Sodha explores the use of \u201cparental alienation\u201d in the family courts

Chris Bowlby visits the buildings' secret and hazardous corners and talks to key figures in the debate, discovering a story of costly but revealing political paralysis

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Producer: Bob Howard

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Are we predisposed by our personality to be drawn to certain policies or ideologies?

Now the BBC's Economics Editor, he witnessed at first hand every twist and turn of the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008. He first exposed the crisis at Northern Rock as well as revealing the failure of Lehman Brothers. This makes him the ideal interviewer to probe the arguments and conclusions of 'The House of Debt', a radical new study of the recession and the lessons to be learnt from it. In discussion with the book's authors, Atif Mian and Amir Sufi, he subjects their arguments to rigorous scrutiny.

They challenge the conventional wisdom that the banks were to blame for the recession in the US and UK. They argue that the real villain was the doubling between 2000 and 2007 in total American household debt to $14 trillion. Much of this was owed by borrowers with the poorest credit ratings. When the house price bubble burst and incomes also fell, these households suddenly stopped spending and plunged the US economy into deep recession.

By this argument, the banks weren't the real problem. And yet, thanks in large part to their lobbying power, they received help which would have been better directed at helping indebted households. If correct, this means governments and central banks should fundamentally reappraise how they tackle future downturns, focusing much more on households and much less on bankers. For many, this may sound highly attractive. But does the new analysis pass muster with Robert Peston?

Producer Simon Coates.

Robert Peston asks if skyrocketing household debt or the banks caused the 2007-8 crash.

Our world, ever more interconnected and dependent on technology, is vulnerable to a head-spinning array of disasters. Emergency preparedness is supposed to help protect us and the UK has been pioneering in its approach. But does it actually work? In this edition of Analysis, Simon Maybin interrogates official predictions past and present, hearing from the advisers and the advised. Are we any good at anticipating catastrophic events? Should we have been better prepared for the one we've been living through? And - now that coronavirus has shown us the worst really can happen - what else should we be worrying about?

Presenter/producer: Simon Maybin

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Producer: Caroline Bayley

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Jacqui Johnson

Sound: Graham Puddifoot

Editor: Hugh Levinson

How can we build new homes without alienating voters? Hashi Mohamed investigates.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Electricity is crucial to modern life - but will we all get the power we need?

We might think our views about global warming, nanotechnology or the value of IQ tests are based on scientific evidence. But the beliefs we hold about these issues often say more about our ability to screen out the evidence we dislike than it does about the scientific facts.

Michael Blastland investigates the causes of our cognitive biases and our remarkable ability to not let the facts get in the way of a deeply held belief.

Contributors include:

Jonathan Haidt, Professor of Psychology at the University of Virginia

Dan Kahan, Professor of Law and Professor of Psychology at Yale Law School

Roger Scruton, philosopher.

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

Michael Blastland on why your approach to politics might not be as rational as you think.

Contributors:

Professor PAUL TAGGART, University of Sussex

Professor VERNON BOGDANOR, King's College London

DOUGLAS CARSWELL, UKIP MP for Clacton

SIRIO CANOS, Podemos

PETER OBORNE, journalist and author

Professor CAS MUDDE, University of Georgia

Producer: Polly Hope.

(Photo credit: AFP/Getty Images. Picture shows a woman holding a placard at a demonstration on 5th July 2015)

Who are 'the people' - and what do they really want? Eliane Glaser explores populism.

Public debate has become increasingly dominated by an emotive, polarised argument between those who say it is harmful and those who say it can be liberating. Jo Fidgen puts the moral positions to one side and investigates what the evidence tells us. She explores the limitations of the research that's been carried out and asks whether we need to update our understanding of pornography. She hears from users of pornography about how and why they use it and researchers reveal what they have learnt about our private pornographic habits.

With pornography becoming increasingly easy to access online, and as policy-makers, parents and teachers discuss how to deal with this, it's a debate that will have far-reaching implications on education and how we use the internet.

Producer: Helena Merriman

Interviewees:

Professor Neil Malamuth - University of California

Dr Miranda Horvath - Middlesex University

Dr Ogi Ogas - Author of A Billion Wicked Thoughts

Professor Roger Scruton - Conservative philosopher and Author of Sexual Desire: A Philosophical Investigation

Professor Gail Dines - Wheelock College, Boston.

What does the best evidence tell us about the effects of pornography? Jo Fidgen presents.

Presenter: Chris Bowlby

Producer: Jim Frank

Editor: Clare Fordham

Motorists wield votes that politicians want, but is that power balance going to change?

Both of the main parties in England want to be the motorists' friend, but is 'driver power' as strong as politicians fear, and how will car electrification change things?

Interviewees:

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, former finance minister, Nigeria

Nick Stern, former chief economist, The World Bank

Jeffrey Sachs, professor Columbia University

Kumi Naidoo, secretary general, Amnesty International

Willem Buiter, former Chief Economist, Citibank

Martin Wolf, the chief economics commentator, The Financial Times

Kishore Mahbubani, professor, University of Singapore

Justin Lin, professor, Beijing University

Adam Tooze, author of 'Crashed

Christine Lagarde, managing director, International Monetary Fund

Producer: Beth Sagar-Fenton

Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Will devolution deliver the power promised to England's cities and regions?

Producer: Simon Coates.

How far are we influenced by precedent in reaching decisions and how much by principles?

Contributors: Dawn Holland, National Institute of Economic and Social Research; Aristotle Kallis, Political Scientist; David Marsh, author 'The History of the Euro'; David Lascelles, senior fellow of the Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation; Mark Crickett De La Rue; and Larry Hatheway, UBS

Producer: Kavita Puri.

Producer: Bob Howard.

Professor James Tilley discovers how chimpanzee power struggles mirror human politics.

We tend to think of the early 2000s as a time of relative wealth: house prices were rising, credit flowed easily, the government introduced a generous tax credit scheme and people generally felt better off. But Duncan Weldon argues these masked the reality of what was going on.

Work done by the think tank The Resolution Foundation, which focuses on those on low and modest incomes, shows that there was almost no wage growth in the middle and below during the five years leading up to 2008 and yet the economy grew by 11% in that period. Others also point out that the share of the national income which goes into wages, as opposed to profits, has been decreasing since the mid-1970s. The argument is that less of the economic pie is going into the pockets of ordinary workers.

What is also clear is that a disproportionate amount of the economic wealth has been going to those at the top. The earnings of the richest few per cent have increased rapidly in the UK since the 1980s and that pattern accelerated in the last ten years. In the United States that process began earlier and has been more extreme.

Some economists argue that this is not a problem in itself as taxation, for example, helps to re-distribute the money to the less well off or those with disadvantages.

In Analysis Duncan Weldon asks why wages stopped rising in the years before the crash and what was the driving force for the squeeze?

Why has pay not risen in line with profits? TUC economist Duncan Weldon investigates.

No wonder policy makers are very keen to find new and cost- effective ways of getting us to change our behaviour.

Governments are increasingly drawing on new academic thinking in psychology and economics- work closely associated with American behaviour-change gurus like Richard Thaler and Robert Cialdini. And public pledges are seen as one of the most promising tools in the behaviour-change tool box. But are they the panacea to tackle our social problems or are promises just made to be broken? Presented by Ben Rogers.

Contributors:

Tracy Gilbert, Acceptable Behaviour Agreement Coordinator, London Borough of Croydon

Liz Richardson, Research Fellow in Social Engagement, Manchester University

Robin Dunbar, Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford

John Spurr, Professor of History, Swansea University

Simon Burrall, Director of the think tank ' Involve

Toby Ord, British Academy Post- Doctoral Research Fellow in Philosophy, University of Oxford

David Halpern, Director of Research, The Institute for Government, London.

Ben Rogers asks if getting us to make public pledges can change our behaviour.

Producer: Smita Patel.

Edward Stourton on the history and recent renaissance of American opposition to free trade

Interviewees include:

Dr Adam Posen, President of the Petersen Institute for International Economics in Washington DC

Stephen King, Chief Economist of HSBC

Jim Rickards, author of Currency Wars

Professor Richard Werner, Chair in International Banking at Southampton University

Dan Conaghan, author of The Bank: Inside the Bank of England

Dr Philippa Malmgren, former financial markets advisor to the US President

Producer: Phil Kemp.

Could QE lead to another economic crisis? Liam Halligan argues that it could.

The expansion of consumer credit has been encouraged by social democratic as well as centre right governments. But some on the left believe that the growth of the financial sector has given birth to a novel form of capitalism and with that a new kind of worker exploitation.

Paul Mason meets the economists of 'financialisation' who believe that credit has become the defining relationship between workers and employers, citizens and public services.

Paul Mason is Economics Editor of Newsnight and the author of Meltdown: The End of the Age of Greed.

Paul Mason asks whether the expansion of credit created a new form of worker exploitation.

Over two weeks, Analysis investigates two schools of economics with radical solutions.

This week, Jamie Whyte looks at the free market Austrian School of FA Hayek. The global recession has revived interest in this area of economics, even inspiring an educational rap video.

Austrian' economists believe that the banking crisis was caused by too much regulation rather than too little. The fact that interest rates are set by central banks rather than the market is at the heart of the problem, they argue. Artificially low interest rates sent out the wrong signals to investors, causing them to borrow to spend on 'malinvestments', such as overpriced housing.

Jamie Whyte is head of research and publishing at Oliver Wyman, a management consulting firm. He is a former lecturer in philosophy at Cambridge University and the author of Bad Thoughts: A Guide to Clear Thinking.

Contributors:

Prof Steven Horwitz, St Lawrence University, New York

Prof Larry White, George Mason University, Washington DC

Prof Robert Higgs, Independent Institute, California

Philip Booth, Institute of Economic Affairs

Steve Baker, Conservative MP

John Papola, co-creator Fear the Boom and Bust

Lord Robert Skidelsky, economic historian and biographer of John Maynard Keynes

Tim Congdon, founder, Lombard Street Research

Producer : Rosamund Jones

Next week, Newsnight's Economics Editor Paul Mason meets the economists of 'financialisation' and asks whether the growth of credit has given birth to a new kind of capitalism.

Why free market Austrian economics have inspired a rap video and attracted new fans.

But there is a forgotten political and philosophical history of self-care, taking in the Black Panthers and feminist activism, that is all too often erased from our understanding of wellness.

Shahidha Bari looks at the radical roots of self-care and what it tells us about how we are looking after ourselves during the current crisis.

Producer: Ant Adeane

Editor: Jasper Corbett

What do we get wrong about self-care?

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

After the drama of the Scottish vote, what would an in-out EU referendum be like?

Peter Pomerantsev looks at how we can survive as a society when the idea of the 'imagined community' is under strain. Is it too late to find any commonality? Or are there other ways of imagining the future of the nation?

Producer Ant Adeane

Editor Jasper Corbett

What happens to a nation when its media fragments?

Former Today editor Kevin Marsh asks how the press can rediscover its public purpose.

Dr Maha Azzam is an Associate Fellow of Chatham House.

Contributors

Dr Shadi Hamid, Brookings Institute, Qatar

Shashank Joshi, Royal United Services Institute, London

Elliott Abrams, Council of Foreign Relations, Washington

Roger Hardy, Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington

Carl Gershman, National Endowment for Democracy, Washington

Jonathan Spyer, Global Research International Affairs Center, Israel

Abdel Moneim Abou el-Fotouh, Muslim Brotherhood, Cairo

Prof Khaled Fahmy, American University, Cairo

Alexandros Petersen, Henry Jackson Society, London.

Maha Azzam examines the long term implications of the recent uprisings in the Middle East.

Since the 2008 financial crisis public opinion has increasingly been unfavourable towards globalisation, immigration and big corporations. This has been reflected in a shift away from an assumed pro-business stance among the mainstream political parties too. Philip Coggan speaks to a range of experts to find out what's been happening, whether workers really will gain more power, and what that might mean for the economy.

Guests:

Ben Clift, Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick

Dame DeAnne Julius, Distinguished Fellow for Global Economy and Finance, Chatham House

Kate Bell, Head of Rights, International, Social and Economics at the Trades Union Congress

Rob Ford, Professor of Political Science at the University of Manchester

Jonathan Portes, Professor of Economics and Policy at King's College, London

Kate Nicholls, chief executive of UK Hospitality

Shereen Hussein, Professor of Health and Social Care Policy at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Gerwyn Davies, Public Policy Adviser and Senior Market Analyst at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development

Producer: Arlene Gregorius

Sound: Gareth Jones

With labour shortages from HGV drivers to restaurants, are workers gaining power again?

In the first of two programmes, Aaronovitch will examine the role played by unproven psychoanalytic theories which, from the 1980s, spread from the world of therapists in Canada and the USA to social work, medicine and then to law enforcement in Britain.

From the NSPCC to academia it was believed that children were being sexually abused in group Satanic rituals, which involved murder and animal sacrifice. The programme will explore how these bizarre ideas took hold, how they were related to mistaken psychotherapeutic practices, and how they resonate still.

The programme will look at the influences of four books which played a key role in influencing the intellectual and cultural climate. These are Sybil, Michelle Remembers, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and The Courage to Heal.

Producer: Hannah Barnes

Contributors:

Rosie Waterhouse - Investigative Journalist; Head of MA in investigative journalism at City University

Debbie Nathan - Investigative Journalist and Author

Tim Tate - Television Producer and Director

Sue Hampson - Former counsellor, and now Director of Safe to Say Trauma Informed Training and Consultancy

Roma Hart - Former Multiple Personality Disorder patient, who has retracted claims she was abused in childhood.

David Aaronovitch traces the journey from wrongful denial to excessive credulity.

In the second of two programmes, Aaronovitch re-examines the role played by unproven psychoanalytic theories which, from the 1980s, spread from the world of therapists in Canada and the USA to social work, medicine and then to law enforcement in Britain.

The programme explores the parallels between the belief in ritual abuse with some of the claims being made today about VIP paedophile rings and group murder.

Some of the mistakes of the past - such as the false accusations made against parents in the Orkneys and Rochdale of satanic abuse - have been acknowledged. But, Aaronovitch argues, without a profound understanding of how and why such moral panics arise we are unlikely to avoid similar mistakes in the future. And when such mistakes recur we risk an over-reaction and a return to a culture of denial.

Producer: Hannah Barnes

Contributors:

Rosie Waterhouse - Investigative Journalist; Head of MA in investigative journalism at City University

Debbie Nathan - Investigative Journalist and Author

Tim Tate - Television Producer and Director

Sue Hampson - Former counsellor, and now Director of Safe to Say Trauma Informed Training and Consultancy

Dr Sarah Nelson - Research Associate at the University of Edinburgh

Professor Richard McNally - Professor of Psychology at Harvard University

Anonymous case study.

David Aaronovitch traces society's shift from wrongful denial to excessive credulity.

In his new book 'The Darwin Economy: Liberty, Competition, and the Common Good', Frank argues that whilst Smith was correct to point out the benefits of competition, Darwin went further by showing how some times competition over rank could produce benefits to the individual at the expense of the group. This insight, believes Frank, applies to the economics of human societies as much as it does to the animal kingdom.

Recorded at The London School of Economics, Prof Frank explains his ideas to Paul Mason and an audience of economists and scientists, as well as the free marketeers he criticises.

Robert H. Frank is an economics professor at Cornell's Johnson Graduate School of Management and a regular Economic View columnist for the New York Times, and a Distinguished Senior Fellow at Demos. His books, which have been translated into 22 languages, include The Winner-Take-All Society (with Philip Cook); The Economic Naturalist; Luxury Fever; What Price the Moral High Ground?; and Principles of Economics (with Ben Bernanke). The Darwin Economy is published by Princeton University Press.

Paul Mason is the Economics Editor of BBC 2's Newsnight and is author of Meltdown: The End of the Age of Greed.

Robert H. Frank explains why he believes Darwin was a better economist than Adam Smith.

In front of an audience at the London School of Economics and Political Science, Roberto Unger discusses with presenter Jo Fidgen the reasons for his critical appraisal of the progressive left in the United States and Europe. He sets out what he believes its alternative agenda should be and gives his verdict on another of his former students: Ed Miliband.

Roberto Mangabeira Unger is the Roscoe Pound professor at Harvard Law School. He served as a minister in the Brazilian government of President Luiz Inကcio Lula da Silva from 2007-2009. His books include: 'The Left Alternative'; 'Democracy Realised'; and 'The Self Awakened'. His new book, published next year, will address a new theme: 'The Religion of the Future'.

#LSEProgressive

Producer: Simon Coates.

Roberto Unger explains why he thinks fellow left-of-centre progressives lack imagination.

For Unger, what he and others call 'vulgar Keynesianism' - the idea that governments should spend more money to stimulate growth and create jobs - has little left to offer. It is unlikely to have a big enough impact and will disappoint both politicians and voters.

Instead, he argues, those who think of themselves as progressive need to think much more boldly and creatively. And this applies not just to ideas about the economy but also to politics and democratic institutions. What he sees as a drab, predictable - and failed - approach needs a complete overhaul.

In this edition of 'Analysis', Tim Finch talks to Roberto Unger about his critique of left-of-centre thinking. He asks him to justify his criticisms of current ideas and to set out his alternative vision. Tim then discovers from figures on the left here in Britain how they react to Unger's approach and how likely it is that 'vulgar Keynesianism' will give way to something new.

Among those taking part: Jon Cruddas, MP; Sonia Sodha; Tamara Lothian; Stuart White and David Hall-Matthews.

Producer Simon Coates.

Tim Finch asks if current left-of-centre thinking on the economy needs to be more radical.

Editor Jasper Corbett

How can we identify rogue cops?

As we get richer, so we choose to travel faster, despite the damage it does to the planet. But what does the wrong kind of travelling or no travelling at all mean for our personal health and happiness?

How should governments respond to this complex side of our psyche? Is it right to subsidise any form of transport or should towns and cities be designed in such a way that we are forced to abandon our cars?

Alison Wolf asks whether human beings have an innate need to travel.

Producer: David Edmonds.

Philosopher Samuel Scheffler, with Woody Allen's help, reveals our hidden motivating force

In this edition of Analysis, Michael Muthukrishna, Associate Professor of Economic Psychology at the London School of Economics, assesses the impact of modern social justice movements on scientific research and development.

Speaking to a range of experts, some who have found themselves in the firing line of current public discourse, and others who question the severity of this phenomenon and its political motives, Michael asks: if fear of personal or professional harm is strengthening conformism or eviscerating robust intellectual debate, can open-mindedness on controversial issues really exist in the scientific community? Or is rigorous public assessment of scientific findings helping to achieve better, more equitable and socially just outcomes?

With contributions from:

Emily M Bender, Professor of Linguistics at the University of Washington

Pedro Domingos, Professor of Computer Science at University of Washington

Caroline Criado Perez, writer and campaigner

Brandeis Marshall, data scientist, Professor of Computer Science at Spelman College

Steven Pinker, Professor of Psychology at Harvard University

David Reich, Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School

Producer Craig Templeton Smith

Editor Jasper Corbett

What impact are social justice movements having on scientific research and development?

In this episode of Analysis, Sonia Sodha explores what the pandemic has revealed about the practice of science, and our relationship with it.

Producer: Gemma Newby

Editor: Jasper Corbett

What has the pandemic revealed about science and our relationship with it?

On September 18th, Scotland will vote in a referendum on whether to become independent. Supporters have been setting out their visions of how Scotland could be transformed. But what about those who want to keep Scotland within the United Kingdom? They've picked away at potential practical problems with independence - on sharing the pound sterling, or joining the European Union. But while the future may be unclear for an independent Scotland, the alternative of staying British may be just as unclear.

Douglas Fraser asks if there's a grand vision for those who argue Scotland should stay in the union. Is it more than just an appeal to a shared history or institutions? Is the union fit for purpose in the 21st century? These aren't just questions for Scotland. They represent a challenge to the rest of the UK - how can democratic and economic power be distributed to tackle disaffection with politics and the centralising pull of London?

The programme follows an edition Douglas presented in July 2013 on Scottish nationalism.

Producer: James Fletcher.

As Scotland votes on independence, Douglas Fraser asks if there's a vision for Britain.

Euan McIlwraith asks why so few people own so much of Scotland, whether it matters, and how you can legitimately diversify ownership in a 21st century liberal democracy.

Producer: Liza Grieg.

(Image: The Scottish Highlands. Credit: Shutterstock)

Euan McIllwraith explores why Scotland's land ownership is up for grabs and why now.

Douglas Fraser investigates the SNP's long search for an independence vision that works. He talks to insiders about the party's turbulent past, torn, as one leader put it, between 'Jacobites and Jacobins'. How has the party tried to build a vision of Scottish identity that keeps pace with social change? Does it aim to preserve the old British welfare state, or try something different? What do its plans for continued close links with the rest of the UK mean for its vision of a separate Scotland?

Scotland may be diverging more and more from England, whatever happens in next year's independence referendum. With that vote fast approaching, where this debate is heading matters for everyone in the UK. The SNP's journey reveals much about this important change.

Presenter: Douglas Fraser

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Innes Bowen.

Scottish nationalism - breaking free or playing safe? Douglas Fraser investigates.

David Baker examines the evidence behind the case against smartphones. He hears from the academics calling for action to curb the addictive pull of the screen and from a former Silicon Valley developer who won't let his children have a smartphone. But he also speaks to experts convinced this is just another moral panic about technology's effect on the young. Could there be a danger in blaming smartphones for the rise in teenage anxiety, especially among girls, at the expense of finding the real cause?

What, if anything, should we be doing to protect our kids? And who can we look to for guidance in fashioning a healthy relationship with this incredibly powerful piece of kit?

Producer: Lucy Proctor.

Are smartphones harming our kids? David Baker looks for solutions.

For Analysis, the BBC Radio 4 series that probes the ideas that shape the world, Owen Bennett-Jones travels to Tunis to meet this controversial thinker and examines his ideas and influence.

The documentary features a full length interview with Sheikh Rachid Gannouchi.

In addition, Owen interviews Dr Maha Azzam, of Chatham House in London; Anas Altikriti, Islamist intellectual and son of the former leader of the Iraqi Muslim Brotherhood; Wan Saiful Wan Jan, a member of the Islamic Party of Malaysia; Abdel Kader Heshimi, leader of a group of Salafi Muslim students in Tunis, and a group of feminist law students in Tunis.

Producer: Mukul Devichand.

Profile of Rachid Ghannouchi, one of the world's most influential Islamist thinkers.

Producer: Peter Snowdon.

Are the values of Silicon Valley's tech visionaries now affecting all of us?

Tiny states like Liechtenstein, Brunei and Monaco give hope to independence movements elsewhere that size does not matter. Bronwen Maddox asks if the world's smallest countries are quite as independent as they appear and examines the difficulties of being small but truly sovereign.

Bronwen Maddox of The Times asks if small nations can survive as independent states.

An academic discipline which tries to work out why this health gap exists has also grown.

It's called social epidemiology. You've probably never heard of it, but the science has influenced governments of both the left and right. So what answers has it thrown up?

The most famous comes from the Whitehall II study of civil servants, led by Sir Michael Marmot, which found that people who are in high-pressure jobs, over which they have low control, are at greater risk of heart disease, because of the stress their lowly position causes.

The idea that how much control you have over your work and life affects your health has generated talk in policy-making circles about the need to empower people.

But the evidence is contested. When economists look at the same data, they see something different.

David Aaronovitch hears the arguments.

Contributors:

Sir Michael Marmot, professor of epidemiology and public health at University College London

Anna Coote, former UK health commissioner

Danny Dorling, professor of human geography at the University of Sheffield

George Davey-Smith, professor of clinical epidemiology at Bristol University

Johan Mackenbach, chair of the department of public health at Erasmus University, Rotterdam

Angus Deaton, professor of economics and international affairs at Princeton University

Producer: Ruth Alexander.

Exploring the academic discipline which tries to work out why the health gap exists.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Chris Bowlby explores the past and future of cooperation and conflict in outer space.

Guests include:

Ahmad Samih Khalidi - Senior Associate Member at St Antony's College, Oxford

Anshel Pfeffer - Senior Correspondent, Haaretz

Dore Gold - former Israeli ambassador to the United Nations & President of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs

Jake Walles - former US Consul General in Jerusalem

Salem Barahmeh - Executive Director of the Palestine Institute for Public Diplomacy

Sawsan Zaher - Deputy General Director, Adalah

Shlomo Ben-Ami - former Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs & Vice President of the Toledo International Center for Peace.

Producer Luke Radcliff

Editor Jasper Corbett

What prospects are there for a two state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

Producer: Xavier Zapata

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Interviewees:

Brian Dennis, former Labour Councillor

Mariana Mazzucato , Professor of Innovation and Public Value at University College London, author of the Entrepreneurial State and Founding Director of the UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose

Usha Haley, the W. Frank Barton Distinguished Chair in International Business at Wichita State University

Nicole Robins, head of the state aid unit at Oxera

Corri Hess , reporter for Wisconsin Public Radio

Kenneth Thomas, Emeritus Professor of Political Science at The University of Missouri, St Louis

George Peretz QC, Barrister at Monckton Chambers and co-chair of the UK State Aid Law Association

Nicholas Crafts, Professor of Economic Historian at Sussex University

Do the EU's state aid rules hold the UK back from having a more active industrial policy?

Prof Keen was one of a small number of economists who predicted there would be a major financial crisis before the 2008 crash.

He argues that if we keep the 'parasitic banking sector' alive then the economy will die, and says that conventional economics provides an unwitting cover for 'the greatest ponzi schemes in history'.

Producer: Kavita Puri.

Newsnight economics editor Paul Mason interviews the controversial economist Steve Keen.

Edward Stourton investigates the numerous alternatives to President Assad and assesses which groups are gaining or losing influence on the ground after more than two years of bloody fighting.

The programme will hear from those in charge of the National Coalition - the Istanbul based group officially recognised by the UK government but dismissed by some as 'the opposition of the hotels'.

Ahead of the United Nations Geneva II negotiations, expected in late November, Edward Stourton will examine why, in a country with an overwhelming Sunni Muslim majority, a leader from the small Alawi minority community has managed to hang on to power.

Contributions from:

Monzer Akbik, Chief of Staff to the President of the National Coalition;

Walid Saffour, former Muslim Brotherhood activist and Coalition Representative to the UK;

Sheikh Mohammed Yaqoubi, Syrian Sunni scholar;

Raphael Lefevre, author of Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria;

Aron Lund, Middle East analyst;

Faisal Irshaid, BBC Monitoring.

Producer: Hannah Barnes.

Edward Stourton investigates the alternatives to President Assad.

Producer: Xavier Zapata

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Jacqui Johnson

Gary is invited to a tea party rally in Little Rock Arkansas where he meets supporters who are angry with the political establishment particularly the Republican party. 'If the Republican Party does not pay attention to the tea party folks, they're not going to win the next election', one delegate told Gary. 'We have to change the Republican Party and get more conservative, instead of the direction they've been trying to go over the last few years, which is leaning towards the middle'. The impetus for the launch of the tea party movement a year ago was the recent financial crisis and frustration at the bank bail-outs while ordinary people were losing their jobs, homes and savings. David Frum, a former speech writer for George W Bush tells Gary that the frustration with the Republican Party began much earlier.

Over the last year the tea party movement has made its presence known with huge protests across the country. If 2009 was the year tea part activists got angry, 2010 is the year they get political. Now supporters have their eye on the mid-term elections later this year. Gary meets Rand Paul, an eye surgeon who is standing in the Senate elections. A few months ago he was a rank outsider. Today, after some intense campaigning and the endorsement of Sarah Palin he is the front runner. In several other campaigns the tea party movement is making an impact. Ring wing pollster Frank Luntz warns supporters not to jeopardise their chances of success by getting too angry and stubborn. Publisher and commentator Andrew Neil, who has long had a foot on either side of the Atlantic, tells Gary that there's a popular strand to American history and American politics which doesn't exist in the UK and which allows a phenomena like the tea party movement to merge: 'I think it's the size of America and the diversity of America', Neil says, 'that allows for grass root movements to grow up and become independent of New York or Washington'.

Contributors:

Andrew Neil, Publisher and Commentator

Frank Luntz, Right wing pollster

David Frum, Author, journalist and former speech writer for George W Bush

Rand Paul, candidate for Senate in Kentucky, USA.

Gary Younge assesses the strength and influence of the Tea Party movement in the US.

Producer: Rob Walker.

Is it time for British politics professors to bin their old lecture notes and start again?

With contributions from:

Dave Read

Workshop leader

Professor Roger Weissberg

President of CASEL

Professor Katherine Weare

Southampton University

Pupils

Bournemouth Park School

Professor Richard Layard

Labour peer

Angela Hutchison

Head, Bournemouth Park School

Professor Neil Humphrey

Manchester University.

Fran Abrams asks whether children need to be taught emotional and social skills in school.

Ed Butler investigates what some claim is a massive collective deception - a trillion dollar marketing pitch that simply does not deliver value to any of those paying for it. He asks, do online ads actually work, or could it be that some of the biggest names in global tech are founded on a false prospectus?

Digital advertising fuels the online economy, but is it all based on smoke and mirrors?

Hostility towards the minority Alawi population is such that one leading commentator predicts they are likely to be the victims of the world's next genocide.

Presenter Owen Bennett Jones investigates the Alawis' origins, history and culture and asks how these once marginalised people came to power in a Sunni majority state.

He discovers that for many their fortunes changed fifty years ago when the Baath party seized power in a coup d'etat. Alawis were dominant among the army officers who took control. They set about modernising the country and rolling out a secular agenda.

Now, as Syria's revolution has morphed into a civil war, many Alawis believe their only choice is to kill or be killed.

Are the majority of Alawis right to be convinced that the Assad regime is all that stands between them and a return to second-class status, or worse? If the opposition wins in Syria, are warnings about pogroms against the Alawis alarmist, or inevitable?

Presenter: Owen Bennett Jones

Producer: Damian Quinn.

Owen Bennett Jones looks at Syria's Alawis, the sect to which President Assad belongs.

The Coalition claims its Big Society is more than a slogan and its ideas are shaping key policies. Anne McElvoy investigates the little-known genesis of David Cameron's big idea and examines what its roots reveal about how the government will go about doing less - and ensuring society does more.

Presenter Anne McElvoy

Producer Simon Coates

Editor Innes Bowen.

Anne McElvoy examines what the origins of the government's Big Society idea tell us.

Chris Bowlby looks at the big society on the ground in Oxford - from the affluent streets of the City's North to the deprived estates of Blackbird Leys - and tries to figure out the consequences of expecting communities to do more for themselves.

Chris Bowlby looks at the practical consequences of replacing the state with volunteers.

So what are we going to do about this? Is there a better way to deliver public services? Chris Naylor, the former Chief Executive of Barking and Dagenham Council assesses the need for public service reform, meeting innovators and talking to those who design and use public services. Is it time for a radical rethink?

Producer: Jim Frank

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Jacqui Johnson

Editor: Hugh Levinson

So studies in experimental psychology that reveal which approaches persuade people to be more generous are timely and could offer charities a neat way to raise more money. David Edmonds explores the results of this research - including findings published for the first time. He asks if, by adopting techniques already used by the marketing and advertising industries, charities could transform their fortunes - but at what cost?

Producer Simon Coates.

What are the pros and cons of charities becoming more like businesses in raising money?

Radical advisers, tame oligarchs, intelligence agencies scared to tell Putin the truth and the domestic repercussions of NATO's political moves - Tim brings together the variety of causes that have led to deep dysfunction and the concentration of power in a single man who risks becoming synonymous with the state itself.

Interviewees include investigative journalists Catherine Belton and Andrei Soldatov, and former NATO Secretary General George Robertson.

Producer: Nathan Gower

Sound: Nigel Appleton

Production Coordinators: Siobhan Reed and Sophie Hill

Editor: Hugh Levinson

Inside the murky world of decision-making in Putin's Russia.

Since around 1990, with the end of the Cold War, the opening of China, global agreements to reduce trade barriers and the development of the internet, there has been a dramatic acceleration of globalisation.

But its shortcomings are under the spotlight. Governments are making policy choices that protect their industries, and there's a knock on effect on other countries and consumers around the world.

How can the challenges be addressed?

With contributions from:

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Director-General of the World Trade Organisation.

Minouche Shafik, President and vice-chancellor of the London School of Economics

Zanny Minton Beddoes, Editor of The Economist

Rana Foroohar, Financial Times commentator and author.

Kishore Mahbubani, former Ambassador to the UN

Credits:

CBS News, 24.09.19 - Donald Trump addressing the UN General Assembly in New York, pushing his ‘America First' agenda.

Conservative party, 02.10.19 - Boris Johnson at Conservative party conference ‘Let's get Brexit done.

The White House, 04.03.22 - Joe Biden announce his ‘Made in America' commitments.

World Economic Forum, 18.01.23 - German Chancellor, Olaf Scholz, addresses the World Economic For in Davos, warning of the dangers of de-globalisation.

BBC Newsnight,19.02.97 - Reporter Mike Robertson, reports on Xiao Ping's economic legacy.

BBC interview, 2005 - Tim Berners Lee describes the creation of the worldwide web.

BBC Newsnight, 10.11.89 - reporter piece from the Berlin Wall.

BBC Radio 5Live, 26.01.23 - Latest UK car manufacturing figures from 5Live presenter Rachel Burden and detail from BBC Business editor, Simon Jack.

Courtesy, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, 26.11.88 - Ronald Reagan's radio address to the nation where he reminds the US to be thankful for economic prosperity generated by global trade.

Courtesy, William J. Clinton Presidential Library, 28.01.2000 - President Clinton addresses the World Economic Forum about the connections between the global economy and US prosperity.

Are we witnessing the death of globalisation?

Presenter: Matt Qvortrup

Producer: Bob Howard

Editor: Clare Fordham

Contributors:

Barbara Sahakian, Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology at the University of Cambridge

Dr Darren Schreiber, Senior Lecturer at Exeter University

Skyler Cranmer, Associate Professor at Ohio State University

Dahlia Scheindlin, political consultant and public opinion researcher

Dr Liya Yu, Columbia University

What scanning the brain may reveal about our political affiliations.

What scanning the brain may reveal about our political affiliations. Can the field of neuro-politics improve political discourse or leave us open to manipulation?

Our brain is a wonderful machine, but it can also short-circuit. What happens to us when emotions and politics intersect, when the democratic, listening brain is cut off, or when we succumb to ‘hate speech'? Research using the latest brain scanners shows that the older part of the brain called the amygdala is ‘triggered' by emotional responses out of proportion to the impacting stimulus. So, perhaps are we after wolves in human clothing? Not necessarily; we have also developed the frontal cortex which the scans show is stimulated by rational argument. What can scanning the brain reveal about our political affiliations? Can the field of neuro-politics improve political discourse or leave us open to manipulation?

As the recession bites and public spending cuts loom there have been calls, on both sides of the political debate, for a re-moralisation of welfare. Some say that the entitlement culture has gone too far, others that the hard-working poor should not be footing the bill for those who choose not to take a job. When did the language change and what does a change in vocabulary really mean?

And even if desirable can distinctions between welfare recipients be made in practice? If there are time limits on the receipt of welfare will more people end up better-off in work or worse-off unable to work?

~Analysis will look at what history can teach us about making moral distinctions between the poor - both when the economy is booming & when it's contracting. And what of those, such as the children of welfare recipients, caught up in the debate : can it ever right to reduce the money which may give them a better future?

Contributors :

Will Hutton

Executive vice-chair The Work Foundation

Author Them & Us

Mark Harrison

Professor of Economics, Warwick University

Tim Montgomerie

Co-founder Centre for Social Justice

Editor, ConservativeHome

Hazel Forsyth

senior curator, Museum of London

Jose Harris

Emeritus Professor of Modern History, Oxford University

Alison Park

Co-editor British Social Attitudes Survey

Philip Booth

Editorial & Programme Director, Institute of Economic Affairs

Gordon Lewis

Community Project Manager, Salvation Army

Rod Nutten

Volunteer, Salvation Army

Wolfie

Client, Salvation Army

Major Ivor Telfer

Assistant Secretary for Programmes, Salvation Army UK & Republic of Ireland

Presenter : Chris Bowlby

Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Presenter Chris Bowlby examines the concept of the undeserving poor.

Producer: Bob Howard

Production Coordinators: Sophie Hill and Siobhan Reed

Editor: Hugh Levinson

A handbook on the strategies autocrats use to survive in office.

Contributors include:

Steven Barnett - National Institute for Early Education Research at Rutgers University

Christine Farquharson - Institute for Fiscal Studies

Liz Roberts - Nursery World Magazine

Torsten Bell - Resolution Foundation

Lynne Burnham - Mothers at Home Matter

Neil Leitch - Early Years Alliance

Presenter: Professor Alison Wolf

Producer: Beth Sagar Fenton

Editor: Jasper Corbett

With thanks to N Family Club

The government spends billions on early years education - but what good is it doing?

Stephanie Flanders examines the arguments over the meltdown of the global financial system

Producer: Matthew Woodcraft.

Existing arms control treaties are under threat - just as new weapons emerge.

Producer: Julie Ball.

Anthropologist Henrietta Moore argues that development is an outmoded concept.

Producer: Katie Inman.

Will ad-blocking software kill off most free news on the internet?

What has happened? And crucially is this a long term problem - is this the end of the pay rise? Paul Johnson, director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, explores the mystery of our falling wages and finds out how it is related to how productive we are, but also to how wages themselves are shared out between the top earners and the rest of us.

Producer: Estelle Doyle

Contributors:

** Nikki King, Honorary Chairman, Isuzu Trucks UK

** Andy Haldane, chief economist, Central Bank of England

** Jonathan Haskel, Professor of Economics, Imperial College Business School

** Paul Gregg, Professor of Economic and social policy, University of Bath

** Nick Crafts, Professor of Economic History, Warwick University

** Andrew Sentance, former member of Central Bank MPC

** Matt Whitaker, Chief Economist, Resolution Foundation

** Nicola Smith, Trade Union Congress

** Sarah Collyer, Peter Murphy, Hillary Rogers from Isuzu Trucks UK.

British wages have fallen since 2008. Paul Johnson asks if they will ever pick up.

Chris Bowlby looks at the likely fate of the Euro. What will happen if it is abolished and what will it look like if it survives? Would Europe revert to having several different currencies and how far is German economic power, which the Euro was meant to contain, going to dominate the new European economic order.

Chris Bowlby is a BBC journalist who enjoys investigating the economic and political consequences of hypothetical events: his previous Analysis programmes have included examinations of the effects of a British exit from the European Union and of Scottish independence from the UK.

Chris Bowlby asks if the European single currency can survive the current crisis.

Contributors:

Professor Gerd Gigerenzer, Director emeritus, Max Planck Institute for Human Development

Martin Gilbert, former CEO, Aberdeen Asset Management

Sir Oliver Letwin, former Conservative MP and Cabinet Minister

Dame Louise Makin, former CEO, BTG plc

Baroness Eliza Manningham- Buller, former Director General MI5, Chair of The Wellcome Trust

Professor Cathy O'Neill, founder O'Neill Risk Consulting and Algorithmic Auditing

Jonathan Powell, former Downing Street Chief of Staff to Tony Blair

Producer: Sheila Cook

Editor Jasper Corbett

Producer: Ben Carter

(Photo: Tech Globe on hand. Credit: Shutterstock).

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Why is the further education of young people who don't go to university so neglected?

Presenter Ben Chu

Producer David Edmonds

Editor Jasper Corbett

Should Britain's social insurance system be more German?

Interviewees include ...

Detlev Schichter: fellow at the free market think tank the Cobden Centre and author of the book Paper Money Collapse: The Folly of Elastic Money and the Coming Monetary Breakdown

John Butler: Chief investment officer at Amphora (an independent investment and advisory firm in London) and author of The Golden Revolution: How to prepare for the coming global gold standard

Lord Skidelsky: Cross-bench peer, Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick and biographer of the economist John Maynard Keynes

Dani Rodrik: Professor of International Political Economy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and author of The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the future of the World Economy

Barry Eichengreen: Professor of Economics and Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley and author of Exorbitant Privilege - The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System

Dr DeAnne Julius: chairman of Chatham House and former member of the Bank of England's monetary committee

Lord Lawson: Conservative former Chancellor of the Exchequer

Producer: Helen Grady.

Simon Jack asks: Would the financial system be more stable if money was backed by gold?

Contributors:

Prof Hugh Kennedy, School of Oriental and African Studies

Sheikh Ruzwan Mohammed, Sunni theologian and scholar

Rebecca Mastertron, Shiite commentator

Dr Reza Pankhurst, author, 'The Inevitable Caliphate?

Dr Caroline Finkel, author, 'Osman's Dream: the History of the Ottoman Empire

Dr Salman Sayyid, Leeds University, author, 'Recalling the Caliphate

Dr Abdou Filali Ansary, Aga Khan University

Presenter: Edward Stourton

Producer: Polly Hope.

How has the concept of an Islamic caliphate evolved and been expressed through history?

Producer: Arlene Gregorius.

How big of a challenge to the EU are Poland and Hungary's new 'illiberal' paths?

Guests:

Professor Mansour Farhang : Former Ambassador to UN of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Sinan Antoon: Iraqi poet and novelist

Dr Haider al-Safi: BBC Arabic service

Professor Ali Ansari: Historian and Director of the Institute for Iranian Studies, St Andrews University

Producers: Mike Gallagher and Rozita Riazati.

How far is the Middle East today defined by the legacy of the Iran-Iraq war?

Producer: Leo Hornak.

Is al-Qaeda the real beneficiary of the multiple failures of the Arab revolutions?

It's 25 years since the National Minimum Wage was introduced. During that time it's credited with putting billions of extra pounds in the pockets of low-paid workers. But, despite that, according to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, two thirds of households living in poverty have at least one adult in work. And, according to the Institute for Fiscal studies, far from cutting the annual benefits bill, the cost of benefits paid to working families has ballooned since 1999 to about 50 billion pounds a year.

So what's behind this low pay puzzle? And what can employers, governments and workers do to ensure that work pays? Pauline Mason investigates.

Presenter: Pauline Mason

Producer: Ravi Naik

Editor: Clare Fordham.

Why, after 25 years of rising wages, do most workers feel worse off?

After 25 years of rising wages, why are many UK workers facing a fall in living standards?

Producer: Ben Cooper.

Is there any chance of a long-term solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

David Edmonds asks social psychologists about the psychology of crowds.

In the West the choice of information is limitless in a marketplace of ideas. While authoritarian regimes censor by constricting the flow of information.

But even in the West a new pattern of control is emerging. And this free flow of information, rather than liberate us, is used to crowd out dissent and subvert the marketplace of ideas.

Peter Pomerantsev examines how the assumptions that underpinned many of the struggles for rights and freedoms in the last century - between citizens armed with truth and information and regimes with their censors and secret police - have been turned upside down.

Producer: Ant Adeane

Editor: Jasper Corbett

How censorship works in our information age.

Producer: Katie Inman.

Jason Cowley asks why young people today are - weirdly - so well-behaved.

Producer: Ben Carter

What could cause a future financial crash? Ian Goldin investigates.

Producer Sheila Cook

Editor Jasper Corbett

Will a combination of data and artificial intelligence transform the future of the NHS?

Edward Stourton talks to one of the leading Orange Book Liberal Democrats, David Laws MP, about the philosophy behind the book and why they were so keen to publish it. He discusses the consequences for the party of the gap which has now emerged between public perceptions of where the party stands on major issues and where its leadership's inclinations lie. And he discusses what the longer-term implications of the Orange Bookers' relationship with David Cameron's Conservatives will be.

Among those he talks to are Baroness Williams of Crosby; the former Conservative Shadow Home Secretary, The Rt. Hon. David Davis, MP; the historian and newly-elected Labour MP, Tristram Hunt; the expert on political leadership, Professor Peter Clarke; and the former Liberal Democrat policy director and Orange Book sceptic, Richard Grayson.

Edward Stourton assesses where the Liberal Democrats' influential right wing is heading.

The new 'anarcho-populism' is the 21st century activist's politics of choice. In evidence in recent student protests, the Occupy movement, in political encampments in parks and squares around the world, it combines age-old anarchist thought with a modern knack for inclusive, consumerist politics.

Brand's interview was just one especially prominent example. The thinkers behind the movement say it points the way forward. Jeremy Cliffe, The Economist's Britain politics correspondent, asks if they are right?

Producer: Lucy Proctor.

Jeremy Cliffe encounters the ideas and personalities behind a new 'anarcho-populism'.

Four eminent political thinkers join Edward Stourton to debate the lessons of political pivot points in Britain's postwar history and how these should guide us in deciding what the borders of the state should be in the post-pandemic world - and who's going to pay.

Those taking part: Andrew Harrop of the Fabian Society, who draws inspiration from Labour's 1945 landslide victory to advocate a highly active and determined state to promote opportunity, fairness and equality; former Conservative minister David Willetts of the Resolution Foundation, who sees the lessons of the Conservative revolution in 1979 as relevant as ever about the limits of the state but also argues core Conservative beliefs are consistent with bigger government; former Blairite thinker, Geoff Mulgan, who, drawing on the lessons of 1997, resists notions of a catch-all politics in the face of the multi-faceted demands on today's state; and Dean Godson of Policy Exchange, influential with the Conservative modernisers of the Cameron era, who insists a Thatcherite view of the state shouldn't rigidly define how the centre-right responds to our new circumstances.

Producer Simon Coates

Editor Jasper Corbett

What should government priorities be now that it has such a dominant role in the economy?

For years, women lagged behind men in educational attainment. More boys went to university, and twice as many men as women got degrees in 1960. Forty years later and, fifty seven percent of university students are women. By almost any measure of school related performance girls are doing better than boys.

Everyone agrees there is a problem but there is little consensus over what is causing it. Are boys doing worse or girls doing better? Is the education system biased against boys? Are boys just wired differently when it comes to learning?

The roots of the new gender gap are complex and nuanced, but if we can't agree on what's causing it, how can we solve it? In the meantime more and more boys will fall behind.

In this Analysis on The Problem with Boys, BBC journalist and father of three boys, David Grossman, looks at the evidence and tries to find a way forward.

Producer: Gemma Newby

Editor: Jasper Corbett

The reverse gender gap: why boys are failing at school and what can be done about it.

Has extra funding through the pupil premium helped poorer children succeed at school?

So far this type of self-tracking is the obsession of a geeky minority. But through our smartphones and social networking sites more and more of us being drawn into this world by stealth. Frances Stonor Saunders asks what it means for our ideas about privacy and sense of self.

Producer: Fiona Leach.

Life-logging and other obsessions of the nascent 'quantified self' movement explored.

Presenter David Edmonds

Producer Ben Cooper

Many key findings of psychological research are under question. What's going on?

And the more polarised we are, the more prone we are to what philosophers call 'knowledge resistance' - rejecting information that doesn't fit our worldview.

If we're in a situation where identity trumps truth, is there anything that can pull us back to reality?

Peter Pomerantsev, author of This Is Not Propaganda: Adventures in the War Against Reality, looks at whether Covid-19 could bring us back towards a sense of shared reality - or whether it might push us further apart.

Presenter: Peter Pomerantsev

Producer: Ant Adeane

Editor: Jasper Corbett

What might the pandemic do for our sense of shared reality?

Philip talks to Don Kohn, former vice chairman of the Federal Reserve, economist and author Eric Lonergan, Andrew Balls, Chief Investment Officer at Pimco and economist and author Stephanie Kelton.

Producer: Ben Carter

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Governments are borrowing more than ever, but does it matter?

Michael Blastland asks why workers have appeared to be so weak as bosses have redressed the balance of power at work so strikingly in their own favour. Laws curbing trade union power, for example, so often cited as the explanation can, though, only be part of the reason. Investors - both owners and shareholders - have also lost out financially in relative terms as executives have grown wealthier and stronger.

So what explains the power of the executive class? Are there other trends at work which help explain the relative position of executives and workers? And if both workers and investors want to increase their share of the rewards how might they go about it?

Michael Blastland asks how likely investors and workers are to succeed in any fight to restore their influence when they face such a formidable and entrenched group of executives. He speaks to representatives of all three groups and also considers what business history and the experience of other economies teach us about the likely outcome of the struggle.

Producer Simon Coates.

Why have workers appeared so weak as bosses tip the balance of power in their favour?

Journalist Helen Lewis is on a mission to uncover the roots of this social phenomenon. On her way she meets three authors who in 2017 hoaxed a series of academic journals with fake papers on dog rape, fat bodybuilding and feminist astrology. They claimed to have exposed the jargon-loving, post-modern absurdity of politically correct university departments - whose theories drive `woke` online political movements.

But is there really a link between the contemporary language of social justice warriors and the continental philosophy of the 1960s and 70s? And are critics of wokeness just reactionaries, left uneasy by a changing world?

Producer Craig Templeton Smith

Editor Jasper Corbett

Journalist Helen Lewis uncovers the roots of 'woke' culture.

Philosopher Jamie Whyte asks: is this growth in the Rule of Man undermining the Rule of Law? If officials can punish you, despite the fact that you followed the rules on the books, doesn't that raise the danger of injustice?

Even though few tears are being shed for tax avoiders, couldn't the lack of legal clarity lead to uncertainty? Would that drive business away from Britain? Jamie unravels the methods of sophisticated tax lawyers, and speaks to academic thinkers and legislators. He asks if we are we creating a culture where it pays to cosy up to officials. And he explores the deeper philosophy of the Rule of Law and whether it is being diminished in our uncertain times.

Producer: Mukul Devichand.

Jamie Whyte asks if it is OK to punish tax avoiders who have obeyed the letter of the law.

Presenter Fran Abrams interviews Hirsch about his ideas. She considers their likely impact on English schools and speaks to the former English schools minister, Nick Gibb MP, who championed Hirsch's ideas when he was in government. He explains the reasons for bringing Hirsch's ideas across the Atlantic and how they could counteract what he describes as a prevailing left-wing ideology among teachers.

Fran also visits London's Pimlico Academy which is pioneering a 'Hirsch-style' curriculum in its new primary school. She talks to the young women leading this experiment: Anneliese Briggs and Daisy Christodoulou.

Daisy was once dubbed 'Britain's brightest student' after captaining the successful Warwick University team on 'University Challenge'. She discusses why she finds Hirsch's ideas so compelling. She also explains why, in her view, he stands in a proud left-wing tradition that champions knowledge as power, a view that contrasts with Nick Gibb's more right-of-centre take on Hirsch's ideas.

Fran also talks to Professor Sir Michael Barber, chief education adviser to Pearson and former policy implementation director to Tony Blair in Downing Street, and to a former leading member of the Government's expert panel on the curriculum, Professor Andrew Pollard.

Producer Simon Coates.

Fran Abrams examines the radical ideas of ED Hirsch set to reshape English education.

The Director General of the BBC, Mark Thompson, recently told the New Statesman that in decades past the organisation's current affairs output had displayed a left wing bias. He could not have had in mind the early years of Analysis. 'We tried to avoid received opinion like the plague,' says the programme's founder editor George Fischer. He required his producers to look at issues from scratch and to go beyond the bien pensant agenda.

In doing so they spotted issues that others missed. Amongst the themes they identified as important were the depth of the Thatcherite project before the term Thatcherism was coined; the tensions likely to emerge in the feminist movement; and the potential for disaster in Zimbabwe if expectations over land reform were not fulfilled. The programme's willingness to question fashionable assumptions attracted some accusations of political bias. Was that fair? Michael Blastland, an Analysis producer from the 1990s and now a regular presenter, looks back at the programme's history and meets some of its early staff and contributors. Follow Analysis on Twitter: @R4Analysis

Contributors:

George Fischer, founder editor of Analysis

Ian McIntyre, founder presenter of Analysis, later Controller of Radio 4

Rt Hon Tony Benn

Gillian Reynolds, radio critic, The Daily Telegraph

Michael Green, former Analysis producer, later controller of Radio 4

Caroline Thomson, former Analysis producer, now Chief Operating Officer for the BBC

Fraser Steel, former Analysis producer

Hugh Chignell, Associate Professor of Broadcasting History, Bournemouth University

Lord Griffiths

Producer: Linda Pressly.

~Analysis celebrates its 40th birthday by revealing the secrets of the programme's past.

Writer and broadcaster, John Kampfner, considers what has made a 'good leader' during the months of the outbreak and how that is likely to affect the vitality and long-term future of individual regimes. Are today's authoritarians - often savvier and subtler than their twentieth century counterparts - becoming more confident and optimistic? Is this a good time for the world's populist leaders from the Americas to Europe to East Asia? And has democracy, already tainted by its response to the global financial crisis and enduring questions over its popular legitimacy, continued with its woes or might there be a glimmer of light after the years of darkness?

Among those taking part: Francis Fukuyama (author of 'The End of History and the Last Man'); Anne Applebaum (soon to publish 'The Twilight of Democracy'); Singaporean former top diplomat and President of the UN Security Council, Kishore Mahbubani; writer and broadcaster, Misha Glenny; eminent international affairs analyst, Constanze Stelzenmüller; Bulgarian political thinker, Ivan Krastev (joint author of 'The Light that Failed') and Lionel Barber, former editor of the 'Financial Times'.

Producer Simon Coates

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Which leaders will emerge stronger from the global pandemic - authoritarians or democrats?

Presenter: Anne McElvoy

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

Anne McElvoy assesses the SNP plan to defy austerity Britain and keep Scotland different.

It has impressed politicians on both sides of politics, with David Cameron and Ed Milliband taking note of its message.

Packed with scattergrams and statistics, the book argues for more equal societies. The authors, epidemiologists Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, make the case that countries with higher income inequality tend to have more health and social problems. Equality, they say, is better for everyone.

But The Spirit Level has been accused of imbalance itself.

Critics from the right have launched a scathing attack, saying the books methods and arguments are flawed.

So who is correct? Mukul Devichand examines the evidence.

He speaks to: Professors Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, authors of The Spirit Level; Professor Peter Saunders, author of Beware False Prophets; Professor John Goldthorpe of Nuffield College, Oxford; Professor George Kaplan of Michigan University; Professor Angela Clow, of the University of Westminster.

Producer: Ruth Alexander.

Is income equality really the great leveller? Mukul Devichand examines the evidence.

Guests:

Professor David Abulafia (Emeritus, University of Cambridge)

Professor Anne Curry (Emeritus, University of Southampton)

Professor Neil Gregor (University of Southampton)

Professor Ruth Harris (University of Oxford)

Professor Andrew Knapp (Emeritus, University of Reading)

Professor Andrew Roberts (Visiting, King's College London)

Professor Robert Tombs (University of Cambridge)

Producer: Ben Cooper

Editor: Jasper Corbett

How well do our politicians understand British history?

Peter Pomerantsev, author of an acclaimed book on the media in Putin's Russia, examines where this strategy began, how it is being exploited, the people caught in the middle, and the researchers trying to combat it. Because it is no longer just at the ‘fringes' where this is happening - it is now a part of mainstream political life.

Producer: Ant Adeane

How influencers are trying - and succeeding - in changing our world views

Martin Wolf of the Financial Times analyses the crisis facing the global economy.

Martin Wolf of the Financial Times analyses the crisis facing the global economy.

Helen Grady meets local leaders embracing this moment of change - from the Teesside town bulldozing a shopping centre to create a park to the US community paying remote tech workers to relocate. She hears how big cities like Manchester are enticing people back to the office. And she asks if we're about to see a move away from city-led growth to a model where jobs and prosperity are more evenly spread between towns and cities.

Producer and presenter Helen Grady

Editor Jasper Corbett

How remote working and online shopping could reshape our towns and cities.

Paul explores the reasons for this gap in the budget and asks what taxes could help to fill it. With tax avoidance and evasion now at the top of world leaders' agendas, he asks if the increasingly tax-averse companies sector can be made to pay more and how much the rich and wealthy could contribute. He also considers the taxation of our houses and pensions and whether more will be taken from them.

Then he focuses on the three levies which contribute the lion's share of government revenue - income tax, national insurance and VAT - and, with politicians, economists and tax experts, finds out how much we are all - young and old, better and worse off - likely to pay. He also drops in on a young family in Norfolk to discover what taxpaying voters think of the choices and what they will be expected to pay.

Among those taking part: Nigel Lawson (former Conservative Chancellor of the Exchequer); Kitty Ussher (former Labour Treasury minister); Bill Dodwell (head of tax policy at Deloitte); Julian McCrae (former top Treasury official now at the Institute for Government); Gavin Kelly (chief executive of the Resolution Foundation who worked during the Blair/Brown years in Downing Street and the Treasury); and Malcolm Gammie QC (a leading tax lawyer).

Producer Simon Coates.

Paul Johnson argues that taxes look set to rise and finds out which ones and who will pay.

Today, Hume's view that governments can help societies abandon rampant short-termism and adopt a more long term approach, feels little more than wishful thinking. The 'now' commands more and more of our attention - quick fixes are the order of the day. But could that be about to change?

Margaret Heffernan asks whether the current pandemic might be the moment we are forced to rediscover our ability to think long term. Could our ability to emerge well from the current health crisis be dependent, in fact, on our ability to improve our long-term thinking?

Among those taking part: Paul Polman (Co-founder of Imagine and former CEO of Unilever), General Sir Nick Carter (Chief of the Defence Staff), Justine Greening (former Conservative minister and founder of the Social Mobility Pledge), Lord Gus O'Donnell (former head of the Civil Service), Chris Llewellyn Smith (former Director General of CERN), and Sophie Howe (Future Generations Commissioner for Wales).

Producer: Adele Armstrong

Editor: Jasper Corbett

How critical is the ability to think and plan for the long term?

No one at the time could have predicted then that a virus which began thousands of miles away in China would shake the foundations of Britain's system of government; ten months on all the nations of the United Kingdom are living under different social regimes, internal borders divide the country as never before, and even parts of England have been in open revolt against Westminster.

In this programme Edward Stourton will explore how Covid19 is rewriting the rules Britain's leaders live by and ask where it could take the UK.

Producer: Ben Carter

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Edward Stourton asks whether Covid-19 could hasten the breakup of the United Kingdom.

Janet Radcliffe Richards examines the results of studies into humans' moral choices.

Will those precious extra years be a time of wellbeing or alienation and loneliness? And, do other parts of the world have strengths from which we could learn?

Chris Bowlby talks to those who have a unique perspective on this - migrants who came to the UK in the hope of better prospects. They can compare British society with other places they know as well. Many are now weighing up what to do when their working lives are over. And a number do not expect to stay here. Their children work long hours and live a distance away. The three-generation homes that supported their own grandparents as they grew old will not be an option for them. Many worry that they face a lonely future.

So is Britain a model for the future of a longer life? Or do those with a global perspective believe there are better places to spend your later years?

Contributors : Professor Sarah Harper (Oxford Institute of Population Ageing), Baroness Sally Greengross (International Longevity Centre) & Dr Chris Murray (Global Burden of Disease Study).

Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Is Britain a good country to grow old in? Chris Bowlby investigates.

A wide range of voices from different communities explore the mixture of hard financial fact, psychology and morality that's shaped our financial behaviour in such a turbulent few years.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Has the downturn has made us thriftier, or are we stuck with high personal debt?

Going where the politicians seem to fear to tread, Michael Blastland asks some of the UK's most influential policy experts and politicians how the difficult decisions on what to cut should be reached. He demands hard data on which activities should be curbed or abandoned altogether and how the sums will match the rhetoric.

Michael Blastland is the author of 'The Tiger That Isn't: Seeing Through a World of Numbers'.

Producer: Simon Coates

Editor: Innes Bowen.

Michael Blastland asks policy experts for some honest answers about public spending.

CONTRIBUTORS

Tua Fesefese, currently seeking asylum in the UK

David Blunkett MP, Home Secretary 2001 - 4

Zrinka Bralo, Executive Director of the Migrant And Refugee Community Forum

Oskar Ekblad, Head of Resettlement at the Swedish Migration Board

Mark Harper, MP for Forest of Dean and Immigration Minister 2012 - 14

Roland Schilling, United Nations High Commission for Refugees Representative to the UK

Rob Whiteman, Director General of the UK Border Agency 2011 - 13

Producer: Luke Mulhall.

Tim Finch explores ideas for a radical rethink about the way we deal with asylum seekers.

Evan Davis interviewed Sedlacek,at University College London as part of the 100th anniversary celebrations for the School of Slavonic and East European Studies.

Producer: Hugh Levinson.

Radical ideas on debt, growth and sin from a disruptive thinker.

Producer: Chris Bowlby

Editor: Hugh Levinson.

Robin Aitken explores why the Tories have struggled with the label of 'the nasty party'.

Producer: Neil Koenig.

Edward Stourton investigates the impact of the education gap on voting and politics.

Just a few months after achieving its long term aim of leaving the EU, the Conservative Party seems ill at ease with itself and the sound of tribal Tory strife can be seen and heard.

Is this just the way it's always been: a cultural and historical norm for Tory leaders and their backbenchers? Or is there something else going on?

In this edition of Analysis, Professor Rosie Campbell assesses Boris Johnson's relationship with his own party and asks why Conservative backbenchers can be such a thorn in the flesh of their leaders.

Will this Prime Minister go the same way, or can he buck the trend?

Presenter: Rosie Campbell

Producer: Jim Frank

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Rosie Campbell assesses the relationship between Tory leaders and their MPs.

Now, as Donald Trump seems poised for a trade war on two fronts - with China and Europe - he asks how far the American president will go to put 'America First'.

Producer Smita Patel

Editor Hugh Levinson.

As a US trade war looms, how far will President Trump go to put 'America First'?

Eight years on, the subject is no less topical and so Professor O'Neill returns to Radio 4 to be interviewed about her latest reflections on trust by Edward Stourton.

The intervening years have seen no let-up in the stream of highly publicised political scandals, financial crises and blunders by state officials. Yet levels of trust have remained remarkably consistent. Furthermore, argues Professor O'Neill, the public debate about building trust misses the point: we should be more concerned about levels of trustworthiness rather than levels of trust in society. Attempts to restore trust in certain professions or organisations do little to help individuals with the practical difficulty of placing and refusing trust wisely. In addition, she points to clumsy 'accountability' schemes designed to raise levels of trust but which in fact encourage an increase in untrustworthy behaviour.

Edward Stourton discusses these notions with Onora O'Neill and explores their topicality. Her arguments are also commented on and challenged by John Haldane, Professor of Philosophy at St Andrews University and current chairman of the Royal Institute of Philosophy.

Philosopher and former Reith lecturer Prof Onora O'Neill's latest reflections on trust.

And yet Professor Liebling's latest evidence surprisingly shows that ultimately it is only staff-prisoner relationships built on trust that ensure better outcomes. 'Values grow virtues', she argues. Treating prisoners with the same values as other people - dignity, respect, trust - will help them turn their lives around.

Producer: Arlene Gregorius

(Image: A knife with a blunted point, chained to a work surface. Credit: Rene Hut, of the Dutch Ministry of Justice).

Since 2002, the nation has been governed by the AKP, a political party with Islamist roots. The AKP's time in power has coincided with improvements in Turkey's economic management, the rise of its international influence and a dramatic decline amongst its citizens of support for sharia law.

Outsiders tend to see Turkey as wrestling with a choice between Islamism and secularism. However the nation seems able to live with - even prosper under - the apparent contradiction of a government with Islamist origins and a secular constitution.

Edward Stourton attempts to unravel the complicated reality of Turkish politics and get beyond the usual Western obsession with whether Turkey's loyalties lie with the West or the Islamic world. He investigates the new elites that are shaping the country's future. Will they help Turkey fulfil its dream of becoming a global power and the West's dream of a model Muslim democracy?

The featured contributors in the programme are:

Firdevs Robinson, an editor and Turkey specialist at the BBC World Service

Ziya Meral, a Turkish academic at Cambridge University

Ceren Coskun, a British-Turkish academic at the London School of Economics

Professor Henri Barkey from the Canegie Endowment for International Peace

Dr Soner Cagaptay from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy

Professor Binnaz Toprak, a social scientist at Bo?aziÀi University in Istabul

Producer: Helen Grady.

Edward Stourton investigates Turkish politics and the nation's place in the world.

Producer: Lucy Proctor.

Is Britain's real political divide between the cosmopolitans and the rest?

With unprecedented access to the work of an active MI5 officer, home affairs correspondent Dominic Casciani discovers the depth of the challenge facing the security services. Just how do MI5 operatives go about filtering hundreds of weekly tip-offs into a few key leads? In a world of online radicalisation and increasing hate crime, how can they prioritise those that pose a real and immediate threat to the public, and avoid wasting resources on red herrings and keyboard warriors?

He also hears from:

- Paul Martin, who led security preparations for the London 2012 Olympics

- Nicola Benyahia, whose son was radicalised and killed fighting in Iraq

- Dr Julia Pearce, expert on communication and terrorism at King's College London

- Brigadier Ed Butler, Head of Risk Analysis at Pool Re

- Rizwaan Sabir, expert on counter-terrorism and political Islam at Liverpool John Moores University

Would we be safer if we knew more about the threats that face us, or should we be kept in the dark?

Presented by Dominic Casciani

Produced by Beth Sagar-Fenton

How should the authorities, MI5 and the public perceive and respond to the threat?

He looks at the differences in wages and opportunities across the county and seeks to understand why this has created areas where people struggle to find well paid work.

This edition of the programme includes interviews with:

Professor Steve Machin - The Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics

Helen Barnard - Joseph Rowntree Foundation

Tom Forth - Open Data Institute Leeds

Henry Overman - Director, The What Works Centre for Local Economic Growth

James Bloodworth - Author 'Hired - Six months Undercover in Low-Wage Britain

Richard Hagan - MD, Crystal Doors

Tony Lloyd MP for Rochdale

Jade & Billy - workers

Producer - Smita Patel

Editor - Jasper Corbett

Paul Johnson explores what the world of work tells us about inequality in England.

In 'Unhealthy Expectations' Michael Blastland looks at how this problem has loomed for years but never been faced - at least not in open political debate. He explores what the real choices are if constantly improved care is to be provided - and whether this must mean either much higher personal taxes or a population prepared to pay much directly for care. Or is there a realistic way of squaring the circle of rising demand within fixed budgets?

If something has to give, then what? Will you give up your expectations?

How our health debate avoids the real issue - care costs, and we must choose how to pay.

But in this edition of Analysis Fran Abrams asks a question. To many, it's a seriously heretical one: is Sure Start worth saving?

Twelve years and £10 billion since it began, some are still struggling to describe what Sure Start has achieved for children.

Fran Abrams asks if Sure Start is worth saving and what it has done for children.

Some British politicians, from both the left and right, are somewhat starry-eyed when it comes to the way other countries run their economy and have even suggested the UK could improve its lot by importing practices found across Scandinavia and Germany. But is that remotely possible?

In this edition of Analysis, Britain politics correspondent for The Economist Jeremy Cliffe investigates the different forms of capitalism defined by the Varieties of Capitalism school - most-famous for the book of the same name published in 2001.

He begins by working out what makes a 'Liberal Market Economy' and a 'Coordinated Market Economy', and then digs deeper to find out how these different models formed in the first place.

He discovers a deep web of intertwined government institutions which have been shaped over decades and centuries by each individual country's culture. It turns out that transplanting a different way of doing things from one country to another is just not that simple - but does that mean politicians should just give up trying to do something different?

Producer: Richard Fenton-Smith.

Can a country switch from one form of capitalism to another? Jeremy Cliffe investigates.

Interviewees include the youth unemployment and vocational education specialists Alison Wolf and Paul Gregg, employers and specialist trainers in Wiltshire, and the new Scottish minister for youth employment.

Producer: Chris Bowlby.

Paul Johnson asks why young school leavers face such difficulty finding stable jobs.

Presenter: Jon Yates

Producer: Rob Walker

Editor: Clare Fordham

Sound Engineer: Richard Hannaford

Production Coordinator: Maria Ogundele

Contributors:

Karyn McCluskey, Chief Executive, Community Justice Scotland

Karen Timoney, Director, KDT Wellness

Graeme Armstrong, author of The Young Team

Laura Knight, Toolkit and Evidence Engagement Lead, Youth Endowment Fund

Gavin Stephens, Chair, National Police Chiefs' Council

Lawrence Sherman, Chief Scientific Officer, Metropolitan Police

Jhemar Jonas, youth worker and musician

Ciaran Thapar, youth worker and author of Cut Short

Thomas Abt, Founding Director, Center for the Study and Practise of Violence Reduction at the University of Maryland; author of Bleeding Out

Sajid Javid, Conservative MP for Bromsgrove, former Home Secretary

Luke Billingham, youth worker and researcher

Jahnine Davis, Director, Listen Up

There are proven ways to reduce knife crime, so why don't we do more of what works?

But has the target driven world of providing such services as welfare to work support and rehabilitating offenders destroyed something of the traditional philanthropic nature of charities? Fran Abrams investigates.

Producer: Mukul Devichand.

Have big charities lost their philanthropic purpose? Fran Abrams investigates.

Presenter: Ruth Sunderland

Producer: Farhana Haider

Editor: Clare Fordham

Sound Engineer: Nicky Edwards

Production Coordinator: Maria Ogundele

Contributors:

Mark Goyder Founder, Tomorrows Company

Euan Munro, Chief Executive, Newton Investment Management

Merryn Somerset Webb, Senior Columnist at Bloomberg.

Philip Gill, small Investor

Giulia Chierchia, Executive Vice President for Strategy, Sustainability, and Ventures at BP

Louise Oliver, Co-Founder, Piercefield Oliver Chartered Financial Planners

Rachel, Small investor

Dr Nina Seega, Director for the Centre for Sustainable Finance at the Cambridge Institute of Sustainability Leadership

Tariq Fancy, Former Chief Investment officer for Sustainability Investing at BlackRock

Witold Henisz, Vice Dean and faculty director of the ESG initiative at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania

What are companies for? Ruth Sunderland investigates.

Should we be spending vast amounts of public money educating young people at this level if the main purpose is to get ahead of the next person? Are vast numbers of students being failed by a one-size-fits-all system that prizes academic achievement above all else? Why has Apple - and several other companies in Silicon Valley - decided that training young people's imagination and sense of civic culture is of paramount importance? What are the long-term risks to society if universities increasingly become little more than training grounds for the workplace?

Producer: Adele Armstrong.

Sonia Sodha considers if it is time to rethink the fundamental purpose of university.

Edward Stourton investigates whether Vladimir Putin, former KGB Colonel and holder of a black belt in Judo, is playing a strategic game of chess , or just a high-stakes game of poker.

Contributors:

Anne Applebaum, historian

Anna Arutunyan, author of The Putin Mystique

Mary Dejevsky, columnist for The Independent

Valery Korovin, Deputy Director, Eurasia Movement

Sir Roderick Lyne, former UK ambassador to Russia

Sergey Markov, Director of the Institute of Political Studies, Moscow

Vyacheslav Nikonov, Member of the Russian State Duma

Gleb Pavolovsky, senior political adviser to Boris Yeltsin and co-founder of the Foundation for Effective Politics, Moscow

Mikhail Smetnik, Official Moscow City Guide

Producer: Luke Mulhall.

Edward Stourton investigates the Russian leader's geostrategic vision.

Bushra Shaikh runs a charity, is a business-owner and is also a writer and commentator. When she posted this question on social media, two million people viewed it, she received thousands of replies, but no clear definition of British Culture. Some respondents mentioned the food, while others defined it by quoting literature or history. But those answers were often just lists; of meals. books, names and dates.

Is 'culture' a synonym for race? How can British people of colour integrate, and what does that mean?

Americans put their hands on their hearts, gaze at the stars and stripes and identify with freedom, while the French look to liberty, equality, and fraternity, but is there a British equivalent? Bushra speaks to Historians, cultural commentators, as well as both the UK's newest citizens, and people who can trace their British family roots back hundreds of years, to try to find out what British culture means to them.

Presenter: Bushra Shaikh

Producers: Ravi Naik and Sean Johnson

Editor: Clare Fordham.

Contributors:

Robert Colls, emeritus professor of history at De Montfort University

Lionel Shriver, novelist and journalist

Pen Vogler, food historian and writer

Dr Bernard Trafford, retired headteacher and former member of the citizenship advisory group

Anton Dani, Conservative councillor and former mayor of Boston

Robert Owen, Vice Lord Lieutenant of Merseyside

Professor Alice Foucart, Principal Investigator, Psycholinguistics, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid

Dr Tessa Dunlop, historian and broadcaster

Keith Richardson, Author

How can people truly integrate into British culture when it's not clearly defined?

New migrants, and first, second and third generation immigrants are encouraged - or told - that they must integrate into 'British culture', but what exactly is it?

Politicians would say both, but many argue the UK's system is failing to do either.

Charlotte McDonald explores what improvements could be made and ask - do we want a big overhaul of our current system?

Early years education or allowing parents to work - the purpose of pre-school childcare.

During her journey she dips her toe into the world of quantitative easing. How is that money invented? Is it as real as the pieces of paper in our wallets? And she explores some of the reasons for the calls to return to a gold standard. Essentially, she tries to gain a better understanding of what this stuff which we call money is really about; how and why do we maintain our faith in it, or has it just become too complicated?

Frances Stonor Saunders asks a fundamental question - what is money?

In this edition of Analysis, Edward Stourton asks what is - and what isn't - Wahhabism? He explores the foundation of this fundamentalist form of Islam, the evolution of its interpretation in Saudi Arabia, and asks what power and influence it has across the globe.

Founded by the Arabian scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, this form of Salafi Islam sought to purify the religion by returning to its original principles. Ibn Abd al-Wahab was part of a broader Muslim reform movement which promoted a return to the texts of the Quran and Hadith and, controversially, questioned the teachings of Islamic scholars of the day, who formed part of a chain of knowledge stretching back centuries.

What is said to be a very literal translation of Islam is now an inspiration for modern-day Muslim hardliners, who view a binary world of believers and non-believers, strict social rules and adherence to Sharia law - but how close is this to the teachings of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab?

CONTRIBUTORS

Shaykh Dr Usama Hasan, The Quilliam Foundation

Abu Khadeejah, Salafi scholar

Prof Natana DeLong-Bas, Boston College, Massachusetts

Prof Madawi Al-Rasheed, The London School of Economics and Political Science

Shaykh Ruzwan Mohammed, Sunni theologian

PRODUCER: Richard Fenton-Smith

EDITOR: Innes Bowen

Is the Saudi-style ultra-conservative branch of Islam the ideological engine of extremism?

Presenter: Branwen Jeffreys

Producer: Bob Howard

Editor: Clare Fordham

How can parents, teachers and school leaders work out if a school is 'good'?

What makes a good school? Who decides whether it's high exam grades, or pastoral care? How are parents meant to make sense of the information in making their decision ?

How should we evaluate schools? Is it about delivering a wide range of subjects, or extra activities and pastoral care that make a `good` school? Who gets to decide what is a good school and what does that mean to different people? Many people are influenced by the four Ofsted grades and Ofsted reports so what does research tell us about how consistent those judgements are? Would you choose a school with a good local reputation but a lower inspection grade. The programme talks to Sonia Exley, an associate professor at the London School of Economics, Professor Christian Bokhove at the University of Southampton, Natalie Perera, chief executive of the Education Policy Institute, Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD, George Leckie, Professor of Social Statistics at the University of Bristol,Dr Ellen Gleaves, a postdoctoral researcher.

Mark Damazer digs up its historical roots and talks to politicians, prime-ministerial speechwriters and policymakers to define a term that can obscure as much as it elucidates. Is its use just cynical high grounding or does it speak of a sincere effort to disentangle policy from personal or party interests? Is the national interest best served by a strong civic landscape where differing visions of “the national interest ? are free to battle it out?

Presenter: Mark Damazer

Producer: David Reid

Editor: Clare Fordham

Contributors:

Michael Gove, Minister for Levelling up, Housing and Communities

Angela Rayner, shadow deputy prime minister and shadow levelling up secretary

Phil Collins, former prime-ministerial speechwriter

Munira Mirza, former Director of the No10 Policy Unit

Dame Linda Colley, Professor of History at Princeton

Fiona McPherson, Senior Editor at the Oxford English Dictionary, specialising in new words

Exploring the origins, evolution and current use of the politicians' favourite phrase.

The national interest' is ready shorthand for the common good, but is it just a patriotic sticking plaster hiding self-serving policies and party divisions?

Mark Damazer digs up its historical roots and talks to politicians, prime-ministerial speechwriters and policymakers to define a term that can obscure as much as it elucidates. Is its use just cynical high grounding or does it speak of a sincere effort to disentangle policy from personal or party interests? Is the national interest best served by a strong civic landscape where differing visions of `the national interest` are free to battle it out?

So do Foucault's ideas pose a real danger to social and cultural life in Britain? Or is he a 'bogeyman' deployed by some politicians to divide and distract us from real issues?

In this edition of Analysis, writer and academic Shahidha Bari tries to make sense of Foucault's influence in the UK - and asks whether his ideas really do have an effect on Britain today.

Producer: Ant Adeane

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Contributors:

Agnes Poirier, journalist and author of Left Bank: Art, Passion, and the Rebirth of Paris, 1940-50

Michael Drolet, Senior Research Fellow in the History of Political Thought, Worcester College, University of Oxford

Lisa Downing, Professor of French Discourses of Sexuality at the University of Birmingham

Richard Whatmore, Professor of Modern History at the University of St Andrews and Co-Director of the Institute of Intellectual History

Matthew Goodwin, Professor of Politics in the School of Politics and International Relations at the University of Kent

Clare Chambers, Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Cambridge

Charlotte Riley, Lecturer in Twentieth-Century British History at the University of Southampton

Why are some British politicians afraid of a dead French philosopher?

In the last two years the country has endured its worst recession on record. Rio de Janeiro - the city that hosted the Olympics - is bankrupt. Many communities don't have functioning schools or clinics. Corruption is endemic.

David Baker, a regular visitor to Brazil, travels to Rio De Janeiro and S　o Paulo to find out where it went all wrong for the country, what's holding it back from being a great economic power and what the wider lessons are for developing countries across the world.

Producer: Alex Lewis.

How did Brazil's boom years turn to dust? David Baker investigates.

Presenter: Neil Maggs

Producer: Johnny I'Anson

Editor: Clare Fordham

Could Britain's most famous civil engineer solve the UK's infrastructure problems?

HS2 will now never reach Manchester, and will reach Birmingham late. Spiraling costs and missed deadlines are are a problem in big UK projects. Could Brunel have done better?

Producer: Sarah Shebbeare.

What could spark a conflict, and how devastating would it be?

The state has reduced women's dependency on men, only to install itself as the new patriarch. If the state shrinks, it will be women who will feel the difference

Is this what generations of feminists have fought for? Where is the sisterhood now, marching on the treasury?

Jo Fidgen goes in search of modern feminism in the rubble of the economy and asks whether being a woman is no longer a political state.

Budget cuts will hit women three times harder than men. Why aren't feminists protesting?

Professor of Sociology, Tina Miller examines each stage of becoming a mother - from conception to antenatal preparation, labour and birth, and the postnatal period - to find out how maternity care and other services should respond to these changes.

Presenter: Tina Miller

Producer: Dan Hardoon

Editor: Clare Fordham

Production Coordinator: Maria Ogundele

Zeynep Gurtin, Lecturer in Women's Health at the Institute for Women's Health, UCL

Marcia Inhorn, Professor of Anthropology and International Affairs, Yale University

Noreen Hart, antenatal educator

Pat O'Brien, consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology, UCL

Katherine Hales, midwife

Eliane Glaser, author of 'Motherhood: Feminism's Unfinished Business

Is maternity care keeping up with societal changes?

What should the individual contribute and how much should the state provide? What ideas of fairness properly apply in providing social care? And how can agreement on them be reached?

Paul Johnson - the director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, the respected economic research body - asks why politicians should find it so difficult to agree on simple ideas of equity and fairness in this area. From Labour's so-called 'death tax' in 2010 to the Conservatives' alleged 'dementia tax' last year, attempts to come up with ways to reform a system that is widely considered to have broken down, have collapsed in failure and left both main parties reluctant to get their fingers burnt again with proposals for change.

So with the pressures on available services continuing to grow as the proportion of the population that is elderly rises and its needs become more specialised and as numbers of working age adults with social care needs increase, Paul Johnson considers what principles a fair social care system should enshrine and what likelihood there is that policies to give effect to them will be implemented.

Editor Hugh Levinson.

Why do we struggle with very different notions of fairness when it comes to social care?

Producer: Adam Bowen.

Britain spends \u00a325 billion on Housing Benefit. Why so much? And what good does it do?

Over the last fifteen years much has been learned about what works, as well as what doesn't, when it comes to this way of supporting us in making decisions about our health, our money and how we lead our lives.

Magda Osman is Principal Research Associate at the Cambridge Judge Business School, The University of Cambridge, and Visiting Professor at Leeds University Business School. Through her work she has examined the problems, and the opportunities, with this way of creating policy. She talks to those working in the field of behavioural change and examines what has been discovered over the last fifteen years, what concerns remain around this way of doing things and what the future is for the behavioural change methods known as nudge.

Presenter: Professor Magda Osman

Producer: Steven Hobson

Editor: Clare Fordham

Contributors:

Dr Michael Hallsworth, Managing Director, Behavioural Insights Team Americas

Colin Strong, Head of Behavioural Science, Ipsos and Professor of Consumer and Behavioural Psychology, Nottingham University Business School

Rory Sutherland, Vice Chairman, Ogilvy

Laura Dodsworth, author and journalist

Professor Neil Levy, Senior Research Fellow, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford

Katy Milkman, James G. Dinan Professor, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania

What does the future hold for for the behavioural change methods known as nudge?

Nudge' has become a byword for the application of behavioural science in policies. But how can we evaluate its success, and what is its future?

Produced by Bob Howard

Is it ever worth joining a protest march?

It is commonly seen as a time for play and learning, but should employment play a more important part?

Fran Abrams examines the subject of children at work in the UK, and asks why it is a phenomenon so little talked about.

She traces the history of child labour in this country, and explores modern-day notions of the 'priceless child' who ought to be immersed in education and shielded from harsh economic reality.

In protecting our children, she asks, are we causing them harm? And might the youth of Britain benefit from a revival of child labour?

Fran Abrams asks why the idea of children earning money causes such unease.

Technologists and economists are now arguing that we are approaching a turning point, where professional jobs are becoming automated, leaving less and less work for humans to do. David Baker investigates the evidence and asks what this means for society, the individual and equality.

Producer: Charlotte McDonald.

Technology has decimated manual labour. Now it has its sights on white-collar work.

Anti-racist activists and academics are now urging white people to recognise that they are just as racialised as minorities. The way to successfully tackle structural racism, they say, is to get white people to start taking responsibility for the racially unjust status quo.

Bristol-based journalist Neil Maggs, who is white, takes a deep dive into the canon of books, Instagram challenges and workshops that seek to educate people like him on their white privilege and internalised white supremacy. He gets advice from anti-racism trainer Robin DiAngelo, learns about the growing field of whiteness studies in the UK, and visits the white working class estate of Hartcliffe to see how these ideas play out there.

He also talks to Eric Kaufmann about the inevitable decline of white majorities by the end of the century and how to prevent white people falling for far-right conspiracy theories about being wiped out.

Presenter: Neil Maggs

Producer: Lucy Proctor

Do white people need to think more about their race?

Contributors:

Ahmed Rashid, Pakistani writer

Professor Malcolm Chalmers, Royal United Services Institute

Sam Zarifi, Asia Pacific director, Amnesty International

Thomas Ruttig, former UN political director, Kabul

Alex Van Linschote, Dutch writer

Michael Semple, regional specialist on Afghanistan and Pakistan

Felix Kuehn, writer

Horia Mosadiq, Afghanistan researcher, Amnesty International.

Edward Stourton discovers what a negotiated peace with the Taliban would really mean.

Jo Fidgen explores the underlying ideas which cause so much tension between radical feminists and transgender campaigners, and discovers why recent changes in the law and advances in science are fuelling debate.

Contributors:

James Barrett, consultant psychiatrist and lead clinician at the Charing Cross National Gender Identity Clinic

Julie Bindel, feminist and journalist

Lord Alex Carlile QC, Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords

Melissa Hines, professor of psychology at Cambridge University

Richard O'Brien, writer of the Rocky Horror Show

Ruth Pearce, postgraduate researcher in sociology at the University of Warwick

Stephen Whittle OBE, professor of equalities law at Manchester Metropolitan University

Producer: Ruth Alexander.

Jo Fidgen explores the ideas causing tension between feminists and transgender people.

So what next? Can the Biden administration be trusted to uphold the security guarantee which underpins NATO? Or, as France's President Emmanuel Macron argues, do these and other actions by the United States show that the 70 year-old Alliance is effectively 'brain dead' and that Europe has to set about achieving 'strategic autonomy' without depending on Washington's whims?

In a lively forum with key players and thinkers about European security from both sides of the Atlantic, Edward Stourton considers what should happen now on European defence and whether seemingly divergent views about it can be reconciled.

Those taking part: Professor Malcolm Chalmers, Deputy Director of the Royal United Services Institute in London; Nathalie Loiseau, MEP, former French Minister of European Affairs and Chair of the European Parliament's Sub-committee on Security and Defence; Dr Constanze Stelzenmüller, expert on Germany and trans-Atlantic Relations in the Center on the United States and Europe at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C.; and Linas Linkevicius, former Foreign and Defence Minister of Lithuania.

Producer: Simon Coates

Editor: Jasper Corbett

Photo by Dursun Aydemir/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

After Afghanistan and France's defence row with the US, who will ensure Europe's security?

But under President Xi Jinping, how far does it still conform to the Leninist model and how far does it reflect much more traditional forms of Chinese statecraft? Is a country with a massive bureaucracy run by its nominal leaders or by other actors? And why do senior government figures - who in Russia and Western countries carry clout and influence - seem in China to have little to say about the policies Beijing is following?

As the rest of the world continues to grapple with the consequences of Covid-19, these questions have never been more pertinent or more urgent. In this timely edition of 'Analysis', Isabel Hilton, the eminent student of Chinese politics, considers who makes the decisions in Beijing and how they are reached.

Speaking to China-watchers both internationally and in the UK, she explodes some myths about Chinese politics - including that it is a seamless polity with a single unchanging party line - and explores how power struggles take place and what happens to the losers of them. With the 14th Five Year Programme finally due to be unveiled next year, she assesses how far state planning still drives decision-making. And she considers how and when Xi Jinping's successor is likely to emerge - and what lessons that figure may draw from Xi's leadership since 2012.

Presenter Isabel Hilton

Producer Simon Coates

Editor Jasper Corbett

Who takes China's big decisions, how are they reached and what power struggles lie ahead?

Producer: David Edmonds.

Union membership is in decline. So who will represent the workers of the gig economy?

Kenan Malik asks what the liberal response should be to the BNP's 2009 electoral success.

Producer: Arlene Gregorius.

Women are sexist too, often unconsciously. Where does this implicit bias come from?

In this edition of Analysis, Faisal Islam hears from three top union leaders, along with industrial relations experts, about the challenges of calling and maintaining strike actions and the tolls it can take on members and the public. Where lies the balance of power between a workforce banding together to demand a better deal and the public which has to work around disappearing services?

You can learn more about this topic by watching the BBC 2 documentary Strike: Inside the Unions available on BBC iPlayer.

Contributors:

Sharon Graham - General Secretary: Unite Union

Mick Lynch - General Secretary: Rail, Maritime and Transport Union

Pat Cullen - General Secretary: Royal College of Nursing

Jerry Cope - Former Pay Review Body Chair

Mark Stuart - Montague Burton Professor of Employment Relations, University of Leeds

Lord Richard Balfe - Member, House of Lords

Presenter: Faisal Islam

Producer: Sandra Kanthal

Editor: Clare Fordham

Programme Coordinator: Maria Ogundele

Why are strikes being called all over Britain, and what will bring them to an end?

(Photo copyright: Reuters)

Helena Merriman explores the recent wave of shootings of unarmed black men in the USA.

But does it really influence women's votes whether top politicians know about the most environmentally-friendly nappies or whether they can name their favourite biscuits? Women make up more than half of the electorate in the UK. But just like men, they're not a homogenous group. Women are just as affected by their class, locality, individual beliefs, age, ethnicity, jobs, social and marital status etc.. as men are when it comes to their voting behaviour.

Yet there is a difference in how women and men vote. This difference seems to be more pronounced in the US and other European countries like Sweden. But the UK is not immune to it, either. So there is a gender gap which manifests itself when women or men enter the polling booth.

Professor Alison Wolf, of King's College, London, explores the reasons for this gender gap. She asks whether there are particular women's issues that politicians need to hit in order to attract the female vote. Are women MPs more likely to attract women voters? And is true that women respond to the touchy-feely side of politicians more than men or is that just a cliche?

Alison Wolf examines gender gaps in the polling booth.

Producer Caroline Bayley

Editor Clare Fordham

Sound Engineer: Neva Missirian

Production Coordinators: Maria Ogundele and Helena Warwick-Cross

Is our society still trapping women in caring roles?

Producer: James Fletcher.

Do the theories of Hyman Minsky provide a radical challenge to mainstream economics?

Presenter: David Edmonds

Producer: Nathan Gower

Editor: Hugh Levinson

What - if anything - do we owe to people who have not yet been born?

Producer: Stuart Hughes

Will competition between China and the United States inevitably lead to military conflict?

Within two or three generations the constitutional make-up of Britain could look very different. Could the monarchy withstand a series of upheavals such as the disestablishment of the Church of England, Scottish independence, a weakening of Britain's links with the Commonwealth and reform of the House of Lords (along with the remnants of the hereditary principle)? What if the institutional foundations on which the monarchy rests change irrevocably or disappear altogether? By the time Prince George is likely to become King, in the latter half of this century, social attitudes may have changed considerably. Is it safe to assume that the monarchy will survive? And what will attitudes towards this institution say about wider changes across British society?

Producer: Peter Snowdon.

Edward Stourton examines the long-term prospects for the British monarchy.

Around the world a number of research centres have sprung up to investigate and mitigate what's called existential risk. How precarious is our civilisation and can we all play a part in preventing global catastrophe?

Contributors

Anders Sandberg, Future of Humanity Institute.

Phil Torres, Future of Life Institute.

Karin Kuhlemann, University College London.

Simon Beard, Centre for Existential Risk.

Lalitha Sundaram, Centre for Existential Risk.

Seth Baum, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute.

Film clip: Armageddon, Touchstone Pictures (1998), Directed by Michael Bay.

Presented (cheerily) by David Edmonds.

Producer: Diane Richardson

David Edmonds explores new ideas that psychologists are testing which could offer a way of tackling seemingly intractable disputes. These include understanding the real importance of sacred sites and how to negotiate about them, how to achieve empathy with opponents and the importance of how different sides understand historical events and how these then lastingly shape how different groups view each other.

The programme also hears from those with direct experience of conflict resolution and negotiation to understand how they react to what the latest research has to say. These include Senator George Mitchell, who was famously involved in talks over both Northern Ireland and the Middle East, and Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's former chief of staff Jonathan Powell, author of 'Talking with Terrorists'.

Producer Simon Coates.

Can psychology help opposing groups overcome conflict situations? David Edmonds finds out.

He travels from London to Mumbai and Delhi to meet thinkers, planners, architects and city leaders and discovers that many of the world's biggest cities are making uncannily similar choices about housing and architecture as they compete to attract global companies.

Mukul Devichand examines the megacities of the developing world.

Producer: Jim Frank

(Image: Yascha Mounk. Credit: Steffen Jaenicke).

Producer: Polly Hope.

Is there a right to cause offence? Edward Stourton explores the limits of free expression.